计算法学:法律如何实现可计算——以方法论和认识论为分析视角被引量：2

How Do Laws Achieve Computability:An Analysis of Computational Law from the Perspectives of Methodology and Epistemology

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摘要计算机技术与法学的融合促进了计算法学的形成。计算法学注重通过计算机技术对法律进行编码,用计算机代码表示、适用、解释和履行法律,甚至执行法律。为推动计算法学的进一步发展,学术研究必须回答“法律如何实现可计算”这个基本的理论问题。研究发现,在方法论和认识论视角下,有法律信息检索的智能化、法律合规标准的动态规则化、法律学术的数据化、法律规制工具的代码化,以及法律认知的可识别化五种途径实现可计算目标。同时,通过对这五种途径背后具有代表性的不同流派与设计理念的提炼,可在理论上回答和论证“法律如何实现可计算”的问题。这种“一花五蕊”的繁荣景象大大拓展了计算法学的疆域和学科前沿,在理论上初步构建了计算法学概念的外延。要完善计算法学的理论体系,还应在本体论之上构建概念内涵。从方法论和认识论到本体论的升华,是计算法学走向成熟和成为一门独立学科的必然路径。 The fusion of computer technology and laws has facilitated the emergence of computational law Computational law emphasizes encoding laws through computer technology and using computer code to repre.sent⁃,apply,interpret,and even enforce laws.To develop computational law further,a fundamental theoretical question,i.e.“how do laws achieve computability”,must be answered in academic research.It is found from the research that from the perspectives of methodology and of epistemology,there are five ways to achieve the goal of computability:the intellectualization of legal information retrieval,the dynamic regularization of legal compli⁃ance standards,the datafication of legal scholarship,the codification of legal regulatory tools,and the identifi⁃ability of legal cognition.Furthermore,by distilling representative schools and design concepts behind these ways,it is possible to theoretically answer and demonstrate the question“how do laws achieve computability”.This flourishing landscape of“one flower,five leaves”greatly expands the domain and frontier of computational law,and lays the preliminary groundwork for the conceptual extension of computational law in theory.To perfect the theoretical system of computational law,it is also necessary to construct conceptual connotations on the ba⁃sis of ontology.The sublimation from methodology and epistemology to ontology is an inevitable path for compu⁃tational law to mature and become an independent discipline.

作者徐冬根 XU Donggen

机构地区上海交通大学凯原法学院

出处《北京行政学院学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第3期95-105,共11页 Journal of Beijing administration institute

基金国家社会科学基金重点项目“资本市场对外开放的外源性风险及其法律对策研究”(20AFX021)。

关键词计算法学法律编码法律信息学可计算合同本体论 computational law legal encoding legal informatics computable contracts ontology

分类号 D90 [政治法律—法学理论]

作者简介徐冬根(1961-),男,上海交通大学凯原法学院教授、博士生导师。