摘要
《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民法典〉合同编通则若干问题的解释》通过确认债务加入人的追偿权,填补了《中华人民共和国民法典》关于债务加入人能否向原债务人追偿这一问题的法律漏洞,完善了《中华人民共和国民法典》的债务加入制度。基于当事人约定的追偿权应当区分三方共同订立债务加入合同、债务加入人与原债务人约定加入债务以及债务加入人与债权人加入债务而构建相关制度。关于基于当事人约定的追偿权制度构建,该解释采取基于不当得利、无因管理、法定连带债务或不真正连带债务路径确定,但债务加入行为大多具有担保的功能,且从有利于鼓励第三人积极加入债务出发,应当采取类推适用保证人追偿权规则的路径。对于追偿权的数额及追偿权的限制,应当在充分尊重当事人意思的基础上,分别依据追偿权性质的不同进行确定。追偿的数额原则上不得超出债务加入人承担债务的范围。
The Judicial Interpretation of the General Provisions of the Contract Book of Civil Code of the People's Republic of China confirms the right of contribution by the party who joins a debt,which fills a loophole and improves the relevant systems of Civil Code of the People's Republic of China.The relevant rules regarding the right of contribution by agreement should be categorized as threefold:three parties jointly entering into a debt joining contract,the debt joining party and the original debtor entering into a debt joining contract,and the debt joining party and the creditor entering into a debt joining contract.Regarding the design of the system of the right of contribution by agreement between the parties,this interpretation adopts a path based on unjust enrichment,negotiorum gestio,statutory obligation in solidum,or imperfect obligation in solidum.However,since most debt joining behaviors have the function of security,and there is a policy to encourage the third party to join a debt,the rules regarding the right of contribution should be modelled on the rules on the guarantor's right of contribution by analogy.The amount and limitation of the right of contribution should respect the intentions of the parties and be determined based on the different nature of the right of contribution.In principle,the amount of recovery based on the right of contribution shall not exceed the scope of the debtor's liability.
出处
《法商研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期3-20,共18页
Studies in Law and Business
基金
国家社会科学基金资助项目(23&ZD152)。
关键词
债务加入
追偿权
约定的追偿权
不当得利
debt joining
right of contribution
right of contribution by agreement
unjust enrichment
作者简介
王利明,中国人民大学民商事法律研究中心研究员、法学院教授。
