摘要
意定连带责任具有双重功能:一是允许基于当事人的意愿设立连带责任,以在多数人责任中坚持连带责任的例外性;二是坚持立法上的合同中心主义,以意定连带责任为模板统一规范连带责任,实现法律效果的整体性和相对独立性。意定连带责任以民事法律行为为载体,当事人的法律地位平等,具备要式性,须经明示方得成立,存在无效、可撤销的情形。意定连带责任可产生于共同合同、债务加入、连带担保,这些基本类型既存在特别规定,也应适用连带责任的一般规则。共同合同并不必然导致连带责任。债务加入可产生连带责任而非不真正连带责任。连带担保包括连带责任保证、连带共同担保、增担保,连带共同担保是共同合同和担保合同的混合,增担保则为债务加入和担保合同的混合。
Voluntary joint and several liability has a dual function:first,it allows the establishment of joint and several liability based on the will of the parties,in order to uphold the exceptionality of joint and several liability in the multiple liabilities;second,it adheres to the contract-centrism in legislation,and uses voluntary joint and several liability as a template to regulate joint and several liability uniformly,so as to realize the wholeness and relative independence of legal effects.Voluntary joint and several liability is based on civil legal act,the legal status of the parties is equal,has the formality,must be established by express,and can be invalid and revocable.Voluntary joint and several liability can arise from joint contracts,debt accession,joint guarantees,and these basic types are subject to both special provisions and the general rules of joint and several liability.Joint contracts do not necessarily lead to joint and several liability.The legal consequence of debt accession is joint and several liability rather than unreal joint and several liability.Joint and several guarantees include joint guarantee,co-guarantee,and additional guarantee.Co-guarantee is a mixture of joint contract and guarantee contract,while additional guarantee is a mixture of debt accession and guarantee contract.
出处
《法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期102-118,共17页
Law Science
基金
2019年度国家社科基金重点项目“民法典背景下损害赔偿规范体系的整合与完善研究”(项目批准号:19AFX012)的阶段性成果
