摘要
理解中国大学学术治理是解释学术产量剧增、推动学术治理现代化的认识起点。目前,学术界对集中于学术治理过程的“学术锦标赛制”和“学术发包制”以及着眼于宏观制度架构的“学术单位制”进行了卓有成效的理论探讨,但对存在于学术治理前期的“学术动员”关注不足。学术动员通常是动员主体通过项目设立、政策发布、指标下放、利益诱导、宣传鼓励、榜样示范等手段,借助“自上而下”的行政体系促使动员客体达到观念上的服从、认同乃至内化,从而调动客体积极性使其被动或主动地响应并参与到学术事务之中。在治理语境下,学术动员具有作为治理工具的学术动员、作为治理实践的学术动员和作为治理制度的学术动员三重意蕴。基于动员规模与动员方式,学术动员可划分为大规模刚性动员、局部刚性动员、局部柔性动员和大规模柔性动员4种理想类型。它们既有各自特定的适用范围,又相辅相成,共同作用于学术治理实践。在实践层面,当前学术动员已形成一套完整的上下互动、纵横交错的多层级动员机制,尤其是以行政力量为依托的“动员目标—组织建设—动员执行—检查验收”的动员链条成为其显性的运行机制,“接受动员—目标拆解—再动员”的动员链条是隐性的衔接机制。从制度更迭角度看,学术动员1.0版本是作为“运动型治理”的表现形式而存在,属于非常规治理模式;2.0版本是非常规治理的常规化;如今治理疲软现象时有发生,从“结果导向”到“以人为本”的实践转向可能是学术动员的3.0版本。
Understanding the academic governance of Chinese universities is the starting point to explain the increase of academic output and promote the modernization of academic governance.At present,the academic circles have carried out fruitful theoretical discussions on the“academic tournament system”and“academic outsourcing system”which focus on the academic governance process and the“academic unit system”which focus on the macro institutional structure,but have not paid enough attention to the“academic mobilization”which exists in the early stage of governance activities.Academic mobilization usually involves mobilizing subjects to promote conceptual obedience,recognition and even internalization of mobilized objects through the means such as project establishment,policy releasing,indicator decentrali-zation,interest induction,publicity and agitation,and example demonstration by means of a“top-down”administrative system,so as to arouse the enthusiasm of the object and make it respond passively or actively and participate in academic affairs.In the context of governance,academic mobilization has three meanings:academic mobilization as a tool of governance,a practice of governance and a system of governance.Based on mobilization scale and mode,academic mobilization can be divided into four ideal types:large-scale rigid mobilization,local rigid mobilization,local flexible mobilization and large-scale flexible mobilization.They not only have their own specific scope of application,but also can complement each other and jointly affect the academic governance practice.At the practical level,the current academic mobilization has formed a complete set of multi-level mobilization mechanisms that interact with each other,crisscrossing and nesting each other.In particular,the mobilization chain of“mobilization goal-organizational construction-mobiliza-tion execution-inspection and acceptance”based on administrative power has become its dominant operating mechanism.The mobilization chain of“acceptance mobilization-target disassembly-re-mobilization”is an in-visible linkage mechanism.From the perspective of institutional change,academic mobilization version 1.0 exists as a manifestation of“campaign governance”and belongs to an unconventional governance model.Version 2.0 is the routinization of unconventional governance,and now governance weakness occurs from time to time,so the shift from“results-oriented”to“people-centered”practice may be the 3.0 version of academic mobilization.
作者
解德渤
张阳婕
XIE Debo;ZHANG Yangjie(Institute of Higher Education,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)
出处
《重庆高教研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第2期48-58,共11页
Chongqing Higher Education Research
基金
全国教育科学“十三五”规划青年基金项目“中国大学学科建设的历史考察与实践机制研究(1949—2019)”(CIA190277)。
关键词
学术动员
学术治理
治理模式
中国特色
academic mobilization
academic governance
governance model
Chinese characteristics
作者简介
解德渤,男,河北衡水人,大连理工大学高等教育研究院副教授,硕士生导师,教育学博士,主要从事高等教育基本理论、元高等教育学和高等教育政治学研究;张阳婕,女,山西太原人,大连理工大学高等教育研究院硕士生,主要从事学术治理研究。
