摘要
法益概念具有重要的刑法解释功能。受法益概念史及刑法变迁影响,刑法理论侧重于探讨法益的入罪功能而疏漏了其出罪功能,导致法益解释功能存在缺损。决定刑事违法性的法益侵害性有无及其程度判断,既是入罪判断,也是出罪判断。单纯强调“法益作为入罪基础”不仅没有实质意义,反而可能以保护法益为名助长入罪化倾向。法益不是对规范内容的重述,而是具有独立价值的实体概念,有效发挥法益的解释功能,必须警惕将法益与规范等同视之的法益标签化现象。现代刑法的扩张本质上是集体法益的扩张,合理限制集体法益是当下刑法解释的重要课题。在刑事立法持续增设新罪扩容旧罪的活性化时代,应当塑造形式入罪与实质出罪相统一的法益解释功能,以有效抑制顺势而来的司法犯罪化,在法益保护与人权保障的紧张关系中寻求合理平衡。
The concept of legal interest has an important function for criminal law interpretation.Influenced by the history of concept and the changes of criminal law,the theory of criminal law focuses on discussing the function of legal interest to incriminate while neglecting its function to issue a crime,resulting in the defect of the function of interpretation of legal interest.The judgment of whether the legal interest infringes the criminal illegality and its degree is not only the judgment of being guilty,but also the judgment of being guilty.Simply emphasising“legal interests as the basis of criminalization”is not only without stating substantive significance,but also may cause the tendency of criminalisation in the name of protecting legal interests.Legal interest is not a restatement of the content of the norms,but an entity concept with independent value.To effectively apply the interpretation function of legal interest,we must be alert to the labeling of legal interest that equates legal interest with norms.The expansion of modern criminal law is essentially the expansion of the collective legal interest,and reasonable limitation of the collective legal interest is an important topic in the current interpretation of criminal law.In the active era when criminal legislation continues to add new crimes and expand the scope of old crimes,we should shape the function of legal interest interpretation that integrates formal crime and substantive crime,so as to effectively curb the homeopathic judicial criminalization,and seek a reasonable balance in the tense relationship between legal interest protection and human rights protection.
出处
《苏州大学学报（法学版）》
CSSCI
2023年第2期17-29,共13页
Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition
关键词
法益解释功能
实质出罪
法益实体化
个人法益
集体法益
Interpretation Function of Legal Interest
Substantial Crime
Substantiation of Legal Interests
Individual Legal Interest
Collective Legal Interest
作者简介
夏伟,中国政法大学刑事司法学院副教授,法学博士。
