百年未有之大变局下的全球海洋治理:变革趋势与中国应对被引量：9

Global Ocean Governance Within a Wider Context of the Once-in-a-century Changes: Trends of Change and China’s Response

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摘要《联合国海洋法公约》缔结已过40年,随着时代的发展,现有的全球海洋治理体系呈现出碎片化、治理内容的倡导性总体上大于约束性、治理规则间的体系化程度不高等问题,为全球海洋治理体系的持续完善带来了严峻挑战。尤其是,随着发展中国家在全球海洋治理中的崛起,全球海洋治理中的新问题不断涌现,推动着全球海洋治理变革发生。中国作为IMO(国际海事组织)连续第17次连任的A类理事国,秉持“共商共享共建”理念,提出海洋命运共同体等海洋共同逻辑观是解决当下治理体系中种种困境的一剂良方。但西方发达国家海洋霸权主义的扩张、孤立主义回潮等因素,限制了中国海洋话语权的构建,阻碍了中国在全球海洋治理机制变革潮流中的地位转变。为有效应对“逆全球化”趋势、保障自身海洋权益,中国应深度参与全球海洋治理体系变革,为未来海洋的可持续发展谋篇布局。首先,中国要以海洋环境保护作为“海洋命运共同体”理念在全球海洋治理体系变革中的切入点,大力发展海洋环保科技,以先进的科技水平为维护海洋环境保驾护航;其次,中国应以“海洋命运共同体”以及“共商、共建、共享”的海洋共同逻辑为指导,对全球海洋治理中不断涌现出的新问题提出具有针对性的解决方案;最后,进一步增强中国在有关全球海洋治理体系国际条约规则制定过程中的议题设置、约文起草和缔约谈判等方面的能力,扭转中国在国际条约规则缔结中的被动地位。 It has been 40 years since the conclusion of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. With the development of the times, the current global ocean governance system shows fragmented development, with overall emphasis on persuasive policy norms over enforcement power, and being deficient in systematization of different governance laws and regulations. These have brought serious challenges to the continuous improvement of the global ocean governance system. In particular, with the rise of developing countries in global ocean governance,new issues in global ocean governance continue to emerge, stimulating the transformation of global ocean governance. As a Category A Council Member of the IMO(International Maritime Organization) for 17 consecutive terms, China adheres to the vision of "extensive discussion, joint contribution and shared benefits", and proposed the concept of building a maritime community with shared future as a solution to various problems in the current governance system. However, the expansion of marine hegemonism and the resurgence of isolationism in the Western countries have suppressed China’s voice on marine and hindered China’s status change in the tide of global marine governance mechanism reform. In order to effectively respond to the trend of "anti globalization" and protect its own maritime rights and interests, China should be deeply engaged in participation of the global marine governance system reform, and chart a blueprint for the sustainable development of the future ocean. First of all,China should take marine environmental protection as the entry point of the concept of "marine community with a shared future" in the global marine governance system reform, vigorously develop marine environment-friendly technology, and safeguard the marine environment with advanced science and technologicy;secondly, China should put forward targeted solutions to emerging new problems in global ocean governance under the guidance of "a maritime community with a shared future" and the vision of the global governance "extensive discussion, joint contribution and shared benefits";Finally, we should further strengthen China’s capacity in setting topics, drafting and negotiating treaties in formulating international regulations related to the global maritime governance system,and reverse China’s passive position on conclusion of international treaties and agreements.

作者章成杨嘉琪 ZHANG Cheng;YANG Jiaqi

机构地区武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院

出处《决策与信息》 2023年第3期59-66,共8页 Decision & Information

基金 2021年度教育部高校国别和区域研究年度课题“北极航线权益争夺的历史考察、当前态势及应对策略”(编号:2021-N10) 中国-上海合作组织国际司法交流合作培训基地研究基金项目“上海合作组织非传统安全问题研究”(编号:20SHJD024) 武汉大学海外人文社会科学研究前沿追踪项目“北极航道国际治理规则及主要国家北极航道政策发展前沿追踪”(编号:413000059) 武汉大学本科教育质量建设综合改革项目“国家安全教育”(编号:413200020)阶段性成果。

关键词全球治理全球海洋治理治理变革国际法海洋命运共同体海洋权益海洋强国 global governance global ocean governance governance change international law maritime community with a shared future maritime rights and interests

分类号 D815.3 [政治法律—国际关系]

作者简介章成(1988-),男,江西南昌人,法学博士,武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院副教授、硕士生导师,国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心(武大总部)研究员,主要从事极地法和海洋法研究;杨嘉琪(1999-),女,宁夏银川人,武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院研究助理。