我国海上维权与执法协作配合机制研究——以《中华人民共和国海警法》框架为依据

Research on the Coordination Mechanism of Maritime Rights-Defending and Law Enforcement in China——Based on the Framework of The Coast Guard Law of the People’s Republic of China

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摘要随着海洋权益愈来愈重要,海上维权与执法的定义不断演变,海上维权与执法实务不断提升,以海洋主权为核心和统一的法律体系亟须建立。《中华人民共和国海警法》于2021年2月1日起实行,规定人民武装警察部队海警部队为海警机构,统一履行海上维权与执法职责。然而在涉海实务上,海上维权与执法主体不仅有海警机构,其他相关部门对于涉海案件亦具有监督管理职能。海上维权与执法协作配合机制存在海警局与其他执法部门协作分工职责模糊,海上维权与执法行刑措施衔接不畅,海上维权与执法缺乏综合法执行机制框架,究其原因是尚未完全解决执法主体多头并存问题,海上维权与执法尚未出现统一的基本法,维权与执法的法律依据缺乏详明规定。因此,完善海上维权与执法协作配合机制应该明确海上维权与执法的主体及职能责任划分,明确海上维权与执法案件协作衔接的法定程序,海上协作主体建立健全完善长效协作机制。 As maritime rights and interests become more and more important,the definition and practice of maritime rights-defending and law enforcement continues to evolve.It is urgent to establish a unified legal system based on maritime sovereignty.The Coast Guard Law of the People’s Republic of China,which came into effect on 1 February 2021,stipulates that the Coast Guard of the People’s Armed Police Force is the coast guard agency,which uniformly performs maritime rights defending and law enforcement responsibilities.However,maritime rights defending and law enforcement entities are not only coast guard agencies,but other relevant departments also have supervision and management rights for sea-related cases.So in sea-related practice,there exist several problems:the cooperation mechanism is imperfect,the division of labor is unclear,the relevant execution measures are poorly connected,and the absence of a comprehensive law enforcement framework,etc.The reason mainly includes:coexistence of multiple law enforcement subjects,absence of unified basic law for maritime rights defending and law enforcement.Therefore,to improve the coordination mechanism between maritime rights defending and law enforcement,we should clarify related subjects and division of responsibilities,clarify the legal procedures for the coordination and connection between maritime rights defending and law enforcement cases,establish and improve the long-term cooperation mechanism for maritime cooperation subjects.

作者杨洋裴兆斌刘静郑佳妮董琳琳张子傲 YANG Yang;PEI Zhao-bin;LIU Jing;ZHENG Jia-ni;DONG Lin-lin;ZHANG Zi-ao(School of Marine Law and Humanities,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,Liaoning Province,China)

机构地区大连海洋大学海洋法律与人文学院

出处《沈阳农业大学学报（社会科学版）》 2022年第1期70-76,共7页 Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基金辽宁省哲学社会科学青年人才培养对象委托课题“海洋高端人才创新行为提升路径研究”(2022lslwtkt-014) 辽宁省教育科学“十三五”规划立项重点课题“新时代海洋强国背景下海洋法治人才培养体系创新与实践”(JG20DA003) 辽宁省新文科研究与改革实践项目“文农交叉融合视角下卓越海洋法治人才培养创新与实践研究”(辽教办[2021]133号)

关键词《中华人民共和国海警法》海上维权协作机制主体配合 The Coast Guard Law of the People’s Republic of China maritime rights-defending coordination mechanism subject coordination

分类号 D922.14 [政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]

作者简介第一作者:杨洋(2000-),女,大连海洋大学本科生,从事海洋法律学习与研究;通讯作者:裴兆斌(1968-),男,大连海洋大学教授,博士,从事海洋法、渔业法与国际刑法等研究。