摘要
我国设立专属商业养老保险制度旨在透过保险方式,分散新就业形态从业人员老年经济生活风险。其学理基础的演进遵循了特殊风险共同体的形成、国家介入专属保险的正当性及其限度的证成逻辑。各国对新就业形态从业人员老年风险的防护大体通过社会保险扩大化、社会保险商业化、商业保险社会化三种路径,其中的第三种为我国专属商业养老保险所采取。专属商业养老保险是对基本养老保险的补充而非替代,其特殊性表现在政策目的在私法自治的保险契约中的特别安排,具体包括政府引导取代商业自主、共保联营取代国家兜底、匹配缴费取代替代缴费、自动注册取代自愿储蓄、退保限制取代无法退保等规则,以此增强保险制度的强制性,减少保险制度的替代性,从而与个人养老金制度相区别。
The purpose of creating an exclusive commercial pension insurance system in China is to disperse the economic life risks of the employees of new employment patterns through insurance.The evolution of its doctrinal basis follows the evidential logic of the formation of a special risk community,the justification of state involvement in exclusive insurance and its limits.The models available in comparative law for the construction of the exclusive pension insurance system are broadly categorized into three types:the expansion of social insurance,the commercialization of social insurance,and the socialization of commercial insurance.It is reasonable to take the development of the third pillar of commercial insurance as the logical starting point for the construction of China’s exclusive pension insurance,and it is the institutional choice for the socialization of commercial insurance.Exclusive commercial pension insurance is reflected in the supplementation rather than substitution of basic pension insurance,and its special features are reflected in the special arrangement of policy purpose in the insurance contract of private law autonomy,specifically including the rules of government guidance instead of commercial autonomy,co-insurance joint venture instead of state underwriting,matching contribution instead of substitute contribution,automatic enrollment instead of voluntary savings,and surrender restriction instead of inability to surrender.Thus enhancing the system compulsion and reducing the system substitution to distinguish it from the individual pension system.
出处
《法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期181-192,共12页
Law Science
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“当代中国退休权保障机制研究”(项目批准号:18BFX192)的阶段性成果。
关键词
专属商业养老保险
新就业形态
商业保险社会化
政策性保险
exclusive pension insurance
new employment patterns
socialization of commercial insurance
policy insurance
