渐进性调适:中国基层协商民主制度的演进逻辑——基于历史制度主义的分析被引量：20

Gradual Adjustment: The Evolution Logic of China’s Grassroots Deliberative Democracy——An Analysis Based on Historical Institutionalism

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摘要基层协商民主是全过程人民民主的重要实践形态,既有研究忽略了历史情境与结构性因素对制度的共同型塑作用,无法真正挖掘基层协商民主制度变迁的因果机制。以历史制度主义为理论基础,从历史演进与结构变迁两个层面对中国基层协商民主制度进行分析,中国基层协商民主制度经历了改革开放初期的萌芽期、20世纪90年代的探索期以及十八大以来的深化期三个历史阶段,呈现出从零星试点到全面推广、自主探索到高位推动、单一国家力量到多元社会主体的总体特征。在这一制度演变过程中,宏观的政治社会环境、民主观念的演变以及多元行动者共同构成了制度的结构性逻辑。多重改革要求的关键节点、创新扩散与绩效驱动造就的路径依赖、制度缺位与错位的历史否决点型塑了制度的历史性变迁。总体而言,基层协商民主制度的变迁是渐进性调适的过程,强制性制度变迁与诱致性制度变迁相结合是其制度演进的鲜明特征,顶层设计与地方实践的逻辑理路相互交织,共同推动着制度的发展。 Grassroots deliberative democracy is an important practice form of the whole-process people’s democracy,and existing studies have ignored the common shaping effect of historical situations and structural factors on the institution,and cannot truly tap the causal mechanism of changes in the grassroots deliberative democracy.Based on historical institutionalism,this paper analyzes China’s grassroots deliberative democracy of historical evolution and structural change.China’s grassroots deliberative democracy system has gone through three historical stages:the embryonic period of the early stage of reform and opening up,the exploration period in the 1990s,and the deepening period since the 18th National Congress showing the overall characteristics from sporadic pilots to comprehensive promotion,independent exploration to high-level promotion,single state power to pluralistic social subjects.In this institutional evolution,the criticaljuncture of multiple reform requirements,the path dependence created by innovation diffusion and performance-driven,and the historical veto point of institution absence and dislocation have shaped the historical changes of the institution.In general,the evolution of the grassroots deliberative democracy is a process of gradual adjustment,the combination of imposed institutional change and induced institutional change is a distinctive feature of its institutional evolution,and the top-level design and local practice promote the development of the institution.

作者黄敏璇 Huang Minxuan

机构地区中国人民大学国际关系学院

出处《社会主义研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第2期117-124,148,共9页 Socialism Studies

基金 2020年度中国人民大学科学研究基金项目“中国公众的民主价值观及其心理根源研究”(20XNH031)。

关键词基层协商民主结构变迁历史制度主义 Grassroots Deliberative Democracy Structural Change Historical Institutionalism

分类号 D621 [政治法律—中外政治制度]

作者简介黄敏璇(1992-),女,广东潮州人,中国人民大学国际关系学院博士研究生,主要从事基层民主、政治心理与政治传播研究。