摘要
《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民法典〉有关担保制度的解释》(以下简称民法典担保制度解释)在落实民法典有关担保制度规定的同时,全面构建了担保制度的一般规则。由于民法典强化了担保的从属性,民法典担保制度解释将独立保函排除在担保制度之外,并对非金融机构约定独立性担保以及突破担保范围从属性的后果进行了规定;民法典担保制度解释在充分尊重立法原意的基础上,原则上否认共同担保人之间的相互追偿权,但也为担保人的相互追偿留下了一定的空间;民法典担保制度解释排除了若干因素对担保合同效力的影响,但在公司对外提供担保问题上,司法解释一方面延续了2019年《全国民商事审判工作会议纪要》确立的司法政策,另一方面也在具体规则上进行了修正和完善;在担保合同无效的后果方面,民法典担保制度解释虽然延续了原担保法解释确立的规则,但进行了必要修正和完善;最后,民法典担保制度解释纠正了以往司法实践对反担保在认识上的误区。民法典担保制度解释在内容上可以区分为针对民法典新变化而作的解释和为解决长期困扰司法实践的问题而作的解释,这一区分对于正确处理该司法解释的时间效力,具有重要意义。
The Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation of the Security System Established by the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter "the Interpretation") has constructed a comprehensive set of the general rules, in the application of the relevant provisions of the security system of the Civil Code of PRC. Since the subornation of the security is highlighted in the Civil Code, the Interpretation thus excludes independent security from the security system, and stipulates the consequences for the non-financial institutions that agree on independent security that exceeds the scope of the security system. Fully respecting the original intent of the legislation, it denies in principle, but meanwhile leaves some room for, the mutual right of indemnification between the joint security providers. It excludes several factors that affect the validity of the security contract;but on the issue of security provider played by a company, it on the one hand follows the judicial guidelines set in the Minutes of the National Courts’ Civil and Commercial Trial Work Conference issued by the Supreme People’s Court, and on the other hand amends and improves some specific rules. In terms of the consequences for the invalid security contracts, it maintains the rules and principles established by its predecessor(that interpreted some issues regarding the application of the Security Law of PRC), but has made some necessary revisions and improvements. Finally, it has corrected the misunderstanding of counter-security in the past judicial practice. To sum up, its content can be divided into the interpretation for new changes in the Civil Code of PRC and the one for solving the problems that have troubled the judicial practice for a long time, the differentiation of which is of great significance for correctly handling the issue of its retroactivity.
出处
《比较法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期50-65,共16页
Journal of Comparative Law
关键词
担保制度
一般规则
担保合同
共同担保
反担保
security system
general rules
security contracts
co-security
counter-security
作者简介
刘贵祥,最高人民法院审判委员会副部级令职委员,二级大法官。
