摘要
公众参与是促进环境治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要环节。中国公众环境参与历经40多年,学界对这一话题的关注产生了丰硕的研究成果。对已有文献的梳理,能够展现中国公众环境参与和相关研究的整体图景,为从公众的角度推动环境治理现代化转变提供研究参考。在现有研究的基础上,阐述公众环境参与的内涵、发展和研究特征,并将其总结为反抗型、政治型和日常型参与三个理想类型,为理解不同的参与表现提供了参考框架。文献梳理发现:中国公众环境参与的动机普遍为利益获取、维护公民权益和维护人类环境可持续发展,后两种取向随时间推移而逐渐凸显;影响公众环境参与的因素主要有信任因素、人口统计因素、环境知识、风险感知以及媒介使用等变量,其中信任因素和公众环境意识呈正相关,环境知识、风险感知以及媒介使用三者在影响公众环境行为方面具有强关联性,但人口统计因素和信任因素对公众环境参与的影响作用,有待进一步验证;公众环境参与面临政府主导型环境治理模式和市场的“失灵”以及公众自身能力不足等多重困境;可以从构建多主体、多形式的环境治理模式,为公众赋能和完善制度保障等方面寻找优化路径。既有研究推动了实际问题的解决和相关法律、政策的完善,也为多元参与环境治理格局的形成提供了思路和理论基础。互联网和环境实践的发展赋予学术研究新的命题,学界应更加关注公众参与环境治理的主体性研究、公众平台和线上环境行为研究以及时空比较研究。
Public participation plays an essential role in promoting the modernization of the environmental governance system and governance capacity.Academic attention to China’s environmental public participation during the past 40 years has produced fruitful research results.A review of the existing literature can present an overall picture of environmental public participation,and provide valuable references to enhance the modernization of environmental governance from the public’s perspective.Based on the existing research,this paper describes the implications,development,and research characteristics of environmental public participation and summarizes them into three types:resistance participation,political participation,and daily participation.This classification provides a framework for understanding different manifestations of participation.The literature review found that the motivations for public environmental participation in China include the acquisition of benefits,the protection of citizens’rights and interests,and the sustainable development of the environment,with the latter two motivations becoming more prominent over time;moreover,the factors affecting public environmental participation mainly include trust,demographic statistics,environmental knowledge,risk perception,and the employment of medium,among which trust and public environmental awareness are positively correlated,and environmental knowledge,risk perception,and medium employment are strongly correlated in influencing environmental public behaviors.However,the effects of demographic statistics and trust on environmental public participation need to be further verified.Additionally,environmental public participation faces multiple dilemmas,including the‘failure’of the government-led environmental governance model and the‘failure’of the market,as well as the public’s lack of capacity.These issues can be addressed by establishing a multi-subject and multi-form environmental governance model.The existing research has contributed to the solution of practical problems and the improvement of related laws and policies,and it has also provided ideas and theoretical foundations for the formation of a multi-participation environmental governance pattern.The development of the Internet and environmental practice has given new propositions to academic research,and academics should pay more attention to the study of the subjectivity of public participation in environmental governance,the study of public platforms,online environmental behaviors,and comparative studies of time and spatiality.
作者
曹海林
赖慧苏
CAO Hailin;LAI Huisu(School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211100,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期116-126,共11页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
江苏省社会科学基金重点项目“项目进村实施中基层政府的角色重塑及其能力提升研究”(批准号:20SHA003)
江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“项目进村实施中基层政府与村庄社区的协同机制研究”(批准号:2020SJZDA094)
中央高校基本科研业务费人文专项“‘项目进村’中村社区的权责角色及其自主性培育研究”(批准号:B210207013)。
关键词
公众环境参与
反抗型参与
政治型参与
日常型参与
environmental public participation
resistance participation
political participation
daily participation
作者简介
曹海林,博士,教授,博导,主要研究方向为环境与社会治理。E-mail:caohailin929@163.com;通信作者:赖慧苏,博士生,主要研究方向为环境与社会治理。E-mail:872407774@qq.com。
