摘要
本文回顾了一百多年来细石叶工业在我国的发现和研究,以及从戈壁石核开始的各国学者对亚美史前文化联系的国际探索。目前细石叶的年代以俄国阿尔泰山地区的发现为最早,而在美国俄勒冈州则延续到公元1000年左右。早期的细石叶研究主要采取了分类描述和传播论的文化历史学范式。借鉴日本学者的方法,我国学者开始采用技术-类型学来根据细石核剥片过程对出土材料进行分类,命名了各种楔形石核的技法。之后,我国学者尝试从功能-适应的视角来对细石叶工业进行研究和解释。本文第二作者对以前的方法论做了再思,提出了"细石叶社群"的概念。旨在从环境适应和资源利用的角度思考细石叶社群的结构、信息交流和技术知识的互动,深入研究这类技术的发明和扩散的动因,以便更好了解这类石器技术在史前狩猎采集群中的文化意义和适应优势。
This paper provides an overview about microblade studies in China and prehistoric cultural relationships between Northeastern Asia and North America.The latest chronological data suggest that the Altai Mountains posses the oldest microblades,while Oregon in the United States yields the most recent date of AD 1000.Early generation of archaeologists favored culturehistorical approach,focusing on classification and description,and used diffusionism to explain the spread of microblade technology.Inspired by Japanese colleagues,Chinese scholars began to employ dynamic approach or techno-typology to reconstruct microblade reduction sequences,and nominated several techniques for wedge-shaped cores as well as non-wedge-shaped cores.Then,processual approach was introduced into China during the 2010s.Functional-adaptive perspective has been used to examine microblade industries during the Last Ice Age.On the basis of a critical thinking of methodology and research objectives,especially of the origin of microblade technology in NE Asia,this paper proposes a new concept called“microbladebased communities”(by the second author),trying to provide us with a frame to explore social organization,information exchange,as well as innovation and transmission of knowledge among these communities to cope with harsh environment and resource shortage.It may give us new insights into why microblade was invented and why it spread so fast on a vast subcontinental scale.This new perspective may improve our understanding about cultural meanings and technological advantage in prehistoric arctic and subarctic adaptation.
作者
陈淳
张萌
CHEN Chun;ZHANG Meng(Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433;Department of Anthropology,University of New Mexico,Albuquerque,USA 87131)
出处
《人类学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期577-589,共13页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
关键词
细石叶技术
起源
传播
方法论
再思
细石叶社群
microblade technology
origin
spread
methodology
rethinking
microblade-based communities
作者简介
陈淳(1948-),男,浙江奉化人,复旦大学文物与博物馆学系教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事旧石器时代考古与考古学理论研究。Email:chchen@fudan.edu.cn。
