摘要
本文从传统医学典籍文本出发,以金、银为例,从毒性、炮制,以及医疗用品等方面对金属类药物在传统藏蒙医药(又称吐蕃医学、藏医学)中的作用进行较为系统的历史考察与分析,并与汉医典籍中关于金属类药物的记载与应用进行比较。认为藏蒙医药中关于金属类药物的应用较为广泛、具体,分类也较为复杂;而汉医的相关记载则较为笼统,功效和毒副作用记述不大一致,体现出汉医对金属类药物使用的矛盾心理,这同汉文化中关于丹药的炼制与服食相关。
Metals are of great importance in Tibeto-Mongolian medicine(TMM),the extensive use of which has been a controversial area concerning the safety of TMM itself.So far most of the studies on metallic remedies have focused on their chemical and medicinal analysis and experiments on their toxicology and safety,whereas few of them have made comparative studies on records and application of metals in both Tibeto-Mongolian and traditional Chinese medicines from the classical literature of both systems.In the long history of TMM,these substances are made and prescribed with strict specifications and techniques within a highly sophisticated system.By comparison,the records of metallic cures in traditional Chinese medicine are rather general,their functions,toxicity and side effects inconsistent,preparations unclear,and prescriptions rather simple.This indicates an attitude of avoidance towards metals in traditional Chinese medicine,which can be traced back to the preparation and use of elixirs(lian dan)in Han Chinese history.It is a paradox that patients want to use these remedies to stay healthy and live a longer life,while they are afraid of the toxic effects.Over the years,TMM has hit a bottleneck in its spread and development,and this paradox serves as an internal contributor to the resistance it now faces.Based on classical literature,taking gold and silver as two examples,this paper aims to illustrate the safety guarantee of metallic remedies brought by exceedingly systematic and strict specifications for their preparation and application of these remedies in TMM,which,to a larger extent,may shed new light on the survival and advance of this medicine in a modernized context.
作者
宗喀·漾正冈布
赵书苑
Yongdrol Tsongkha;ZHAO Shuyuan(Mugdun Tongtso)(Institute for Tibeto-Burman and Altaic Studies at Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;Department of Anthropology at Indiana University,Bloomington,IN 47405-7100,USA)
出处
《自然科学史研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期307-320,共14页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
基金
2015年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“藏蒙医学历史与现状调查研究”(项目编号:15ZDB116)
2018年兰州大学“一带一路”专项重点项目“‘一带一路’海外民族志调查与整理研究——以吉尔吉特-巴尔特斯坦(Gilit-Baltistan)为中心”(项目编号:2018ldbrzd001)
关键词
藏蒙医药
汉医药
金属类药物
金
银
比较
Tibeto-Mongolian Medicine
traditional Chinese medicine
metallic remedies
gold
silver
comparison
作者简介
宗喀·漾正冈布,1963年生,青海湟中人,兰州大学西北少数民族研究中心民族学与藏学二级教授、博士生导师及藏缅-阿尔泰研究所所长,美国印第安纳大学人类学系研究员等,重点研究领域包括藏蒙医学史、欧亚腹地宏观历史等;赵书苑,1989年生,辽宁沈阳人,兰州大学西北少数民族研究中心博士研究生,研究方向为藏蒙医学与藏区考察家文本研究。
