摘要
黑龙江省呼伦贝尔盟海拉尔市的松山,以出土细石器著称,是我国东北地区较早发现的石器时代遗址之一。1928年东省文物研究会在这里发现了八个地点,采集一批石器和陶片,认为"最晚的属于新石器时代"。四十年代以后,陆续在这里做过零星的调查,大都没有发表正式报告。这个时期的调查还包括海拉尔河右岸的砂丘(位于海拉尔市北部)发现的完整陶器等,可能属于时代较晚的墓葬。有人笼统地判断这里的细石器属于汉代或以后,甚至晚到六朝以后尚属金石并用期,也有人提出这一带遗址相当于新石器时代中期。 1956年内蒙古自治区文化局文物组曾做过调查。1962年8月。
The site of Sung-shan in Hailar, Heilungkiang Province has long been noted in China for its microlithic remains. First discovered in 1928, it has often been investigated and is generally thought to have dated from the Neolithic. The author investigated sixteen different localities in the area in 1962. The specimens collected are mostly chipped microliths which include such types as the blade core, blade, scraper, graver, spearhead, arrowhead and the chopper, all dating from the Mesolithic.
The implements are all highly characteristic of the Microlithic tradition. Of particular interest is the boat-shaped core with many primitive features which indicate that it probably developed from the stone cores of the late Palaeolithic in China. Its shape resembles those unearthed from the Mesolithic or slightly earlier sites in Shensi, Honan, Shansi and Hopei Provinces. The absence of pottery at all these sites shows that they probably date from about the same period.
It has long been held that the microliths originated from the steppe-desert areas of the sub-arctic region. The author believes that they probably originated in North China as their prototypes can be found in many late Palaeolithic sites of the region. Radiocarbon tests of some bone remains uncovered from the site of Ch'ih Yu in Shuohsien, Shansi Province, gave a date of 28,945±1,370, making it the earliest Microlithic site known in China. The fact that the Mesolithic sites of North China are invariably dominated by microliths also suggests that the microlithic industry of Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and Sinkiang, as well as that of northeast Asia and northwest America probably developed under the influence of the microlithic industry of North China. The discovery in recent years of microliths in Tibet, Yunnan and Kwangtung lends further support to the possibility of North China's being one of the oldest cradles of Microlithic tradition. Beginning with the Neolithic, as a result of the emergence of agriculture microliths gradually disappeared in the Yellow River valley although their remnants are still occasionally encountered in the Yanshao and Lungshan Cultures and as late as the Shang culture of the Chinese Bronze age. But they survived into the metal ages in the northernmost parts of China, northeast Asia and northwest America, all regions chracterized by an economy of hunting, fishing and stock breeding.
出处
《考古学报》
1978年第3期289-316,396-397,共30页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
