摘要
文章构建了游客环境责任行为概念模型,以台湾游客为例进行了实证研究,深入探讨了游客环境责任行为实施的复杂环境认知、态度、情感、意志的心理活动机制。研究表明:环境知识、环境态度、亲近自然旅游动机、环境行为意向、景区环境质量和景区环境政策是影响游客环境责任行为的6个重要驱动因素,其中,环境态度和环境行为意向发挥着关键的中介作用;修正后模型可解释游客的环境态度26.9%方差,环境行为意向31.8%方差以及环境责任行为77.5%方差,整个模型的解释效力较好;游客环境责任行为的形成受到个人因素和情境因素的影响,可相应划分为个人因素作用过程和情境因素作用过程两个循序递进、相互依存、相互渗透的过程,个人因素作用过程存在复杂的内部交织关系,并不能截然区分开来,其对游客环境责任行为的形成起到了主导作用,既存在直接影响,又存在间接影响,且影响程度较大,而情境因素作用过程相对简单,仅对游客环境责任行为起到直接作用,且作用力度较小。
Domestic research on environmentally responsible behavior lags behind that of other countries, wherein much stands on public or students＇ angles concerning daily environmental behaviors. Deficiencies also exist concerning driving mechanisms relating to environmentally responsible behaviors in the context of tourism. This paper integrates environmental behavior theory and tourist psychology theory to construct a conceptual model of tourists＇ environmentally responsible behaviors. Then, a case study approach was adopted to further clarify complex psychological mechanisms regarding environmental cognition, attitude, affection, and intent that drive such environmentally responsible behaviors. The results show that environmental knowledge, environmental attitude, nature- based tourism motivation, environmental behavior intention, scenic spots＇ environmental quality, and scenic spots＇ environmental policy are six important driving factors underlying tourists＇ environmentally responsible behaviors. Environmental attitude and environmental behavior intention play important intermediary roles in this model. They regulate the internal relationships between other driving factors and tourists＇ environmentally responsible behaviors. The paper confirms the rationality of a linear model of attitude, intent, and responsible behavior concerning the environment. Environmental attitude plays a weakly positive role in environmentally responsible behavior, and responses to it by having a substantially positive effect on environmental behavior intention. Underlying this substantially positive effect of environmental attitude, nature- based tourism motivation can have a direct effect on environmentally responsible behaviors and causes an indirect effect through environmental behavior intention. In contrast, although environmental knowledge has no direct effect on such behavior and other driving factors, it is considered to have an indirect influence on them by positively affecting environmental attitude. There are no correlations among scenic spots＇ environment quality, scenic spots＇ environmental policy, and environmental behavior intention, and the first two factors have only a weakly positive effect on environmentally responsible behaviors. Our model＇s independent variables can explain the 26.9% variance in environmental attitude, 31.8%variance in environmental behavior intention, and 77.5% variance in environmentally responsible behavior. The entire model proved effective, and demonstrated that individual and situational driving factors influence tourists＇ environmentally responsible behaviors Individual driving factors include environmental knowledge, environmental attitude, nature-based tourism motivation, and environmental behavior intention. Situational driving factors include scenic spots＇ environment quality and scenic spots＇ environmental policy. The mechanism of driving factors concerning environmentally responsible behaviors can be divided into the individual and situational factors of two sequential, progressive,interdependent, and interlinked processes. Individual factor processes exist with interconnected relationships and play a formative role in the formation mechanism behind tourists＇ environmentally responsible behaviors with a greater degree of both direct and indirect effects, wherever situational factor processes are relatively simple and have only been found to play a supporting role with relatively smaller degree of direct effects.
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第7期49-59,共11页
Tourism Tribune
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"旅游地生态效率评价模型及测度研究"(41271161)资助~~
关键词
环境责任行为
游客
驱动因素
形成机理
台湾地区
environmentally responsible behavior
tourism
driving factors
formation mechanism
Taiwan
China
作者简介
余晓婷（1989-），女，海南昌江人，硕士研究生，研究方向为旅游地理与旅游规划，E—mail：yxtnju@163．com；
吴小根（1963-），男，江苏苏州人，教授，研究方向为旅游地理与旅游规划、海岸带研究；
张玉玲（1980-），女，安徽淮北人，博士研究生，研究方向为旅游利益相关者行为、旅游环境管理；
王媛（1990-），女，陕西渭南人，博士研究生，研究方向为旅游电子营销。
