摘要
我国社会转型过程中形成了政府主导型和市场内生型两类行业协会。行业协会目前面临定位不清的问题乃至"合法性危机"。为此,广东采取一元模式、温州采取新二元模式、上海采取三元模式进行了试点改革。结合美国、德国、日本等国行业协会运行及管理模式而论,我国行业协会市场化改革应遵循自愿原则、自治原则及外部性监管原则,并从以下几个方面着手推进:一是厘清行业协会法律性质,改革现行双重管理体制,废除"一业一会"制度,确立非法人行业协会的法律地位;二是实行分类指导与扶持政策;三是完善行业协会内部治理结构,建立民主决策、协会自治的治理模式;四是加强对行业协会的监管,维护自由竞争秩序;五是加快立法完善相应的法律体系,寻求制度层面的解决之道。
Throughout the social transition in China,two types of trade associations have come into being,of which one is government-driven and the other is endogenous within the market.The current nature of Chinese trade associations is yet not distinctly defined,whilst its legitimacy is being challenged.Responding to such issues,the Guangdong Province,as a test site,has reformed its governance on trade associations by setting up one unitary registration authority,with Wenzhou adopting the dual-track governance,and Shanghai establishing the triple-track regime.Borrowing the experience from the United States,Germany and Japan,China's trade association reform towards marketization should adhere to a three-fold set of principles,that is,the principles of free will,autonomy and external surveillance,and be promoted through the following 5steps;firstly,defining the nature of trade association while reforming the current dual-track governance regime,abolishing the 'one industry,one association' system and acknowledging the legal status of unincorporated trade associations;secondly,governmentally supervising and supporting the trade associations pursuant to different classifications;thirdly,reforming the internal structure of trade associations by establishing the management pattern of democratic decision-making and self-governance;fourthly,strengthening market surveillance on trade associations and safeguarding free competition;and fifthly,promoting the overall legal system by legislation,through which the issues can be dealt institutionally on a fundamental level.
出处
《法学家》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第4期33-48,177,共16页
The Jurist
基金
民政部"行业协会市场化改革发展研究"课题(项目编号:2008MZACR001-1261)
关键词
行业协会
市场化改革
行业协会改革
行业协会立法
Trade Associations
Reform Based on Marketization
Reform of Trade Associations
Trade Associations Legislation
作者简介
法学博士，北京大学法学院研究员。
