摘要
明中叶前后,山东栖霞地区墓地系统在宗族整合方面发挥主导作用。墓碑上的谱系记录着家族世系,墓地的空间布局遵循世系排列而昭穆有序,墓地祭祀活动制度化并形成"房社会"等组织,从不同层面强化宗族的凝聚力。入清以后,族谱迅速在民间普及。清中叶以来经济的发展尤其是商业的兴盛,带动了祠堂及其物质基础祭田的发展。祠堂延续并超越墓地系统,成为宗族活动的公共空间。栖霞宗族收族方式的变更,是参与宗族活动的人群变更以及社会经济发展的结果。
Around the mid-Ming Dynasty, the family cemetery played a key role in family integration in Qixia, Shandong Province. Genealogies were carved on tomb tablets, tombs in cemeteries were arranged in such way that they resembled family trees, sacrifice in cemeteries was institutionalized, and 'house society' took shape. Clan cohesion was reinforced at various levels. After the dynastic change between the Ming and the Qing, it soon became common practice for ordinary people to make family genealogies. Local economic development and particularly the prosperity of commerce from the mid-Qing on led to the development of family ancestral temples and their material foundation-sacrificial lands. Ancestral temples inherited and surpassed the functions of family cemeteries as public space for clan activities. The changing form of family bonds in Qixia was a result of policy adjustments of the Qing, the changing groups participating in clan activities and socio-economic development.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第2期75-97,共23页
Historical Research
