摘要
命案是传统中国乡村社会中的重要问题。对嘉庆朝刑科题本梳理发现,这一时期乡村社会涉及女性的命案占有相当比重,其中女性多以受害者或案件引发者的身份出现。原因主要是租佃关系下的主佃纠纷、借贷关系下的债务纠纷、产权关系下的财产纠纷,以及通奸、婚姻冲突、家庭矛盾等非正常两性关系等。女性命案的增多反映出民众生活贫困化、社会矛盾紧张、人际关系经济利益化的过程中,女性对乡村社会经济活动参与度的提高。值得注意的是,许多因传统伦理观念引发的女性命案,通常仍根源于经济纠纷。这表明,清代中期乡村社会民众经济观念的提升,使其逐渐超越传统伦理观念而成为诱发女性命案的最重要因素。在这一过程中,国家道德控制与儒家伦理教化对乡村女性的束缚减弱。
Homicide cases is an important problem in traditional Chinese rural society.Through the Jiaqing dynasty criminal subject,in this period,there were quite a lot of female homicide cases in rural society,and women mostly appeared as victims or initiators of the cases.The main reasons are landlord-tenant disputes under the tenancy relationship,debt disputes under the loan relationship,property disputes under the property rights relationship,and abnormal sexual relations such as adultery,marital conflicts,and family conflicts.The increase in female homicides reflects the increasing participation of women in rural social and economic activities in the process of impoverished people’s lives,social conflicts and tensions,and economic interests in interpersonal relationships.It is worth noting that many female murders triggered by traditional ethical concepts are usually still rooted in economic disputes.This shows that in the middle of the Qing Dynasty,the improvement of the economic concept of the rural society made it gradually surpass the traditional ethical concept and become the most important factor inducing the murder of women.In this process,the restraint of state moral control and Confucian ethical education on rural women weakened.
出处
《中国社会历史评论》
2023年第1期117-133,298,共18页
Chinese Social History Review
关键词
清代中期
刑科题本
女性命案
经济因素
乡村社会
the mid-Qing Dynasty
penal memorials to the throne
women homicide cases
economic factors
rural society
作者简介
袁文科,山西大学中国社会史研究中心博士研究生。
