摘要
人工智能的应用对于提升司法效率、赋能司法生产力具有积极作用,但其内部算法可能嵌入认知偏见、程序设计可能存在不当、功能设置可能存在偏差,这些因素将导致算法歧视,进而对传统刑法体系和程序正义理论造成冲击。这具体表现在法律实体与法律程序两个方面。在实体层面,传统犯罪行为易被异化,法益保护容易失范,刑事归责主体的认定易陷入困境。在程序层面,裁判公开与中立容易遭受侵蚀,控辩对抗容易失衡,司法的能动性与独立性可能因其被削弱。因此,应对人工智能的应用予以严格刑事规制,规制的重点应被放在算法技术背后的人类行为上。应在既有刑法教义学的框架内通过激活刑法罪名的解释张力、强化算法歧视的刑事司法审查,以及赋予算法相对人新型算法权利,构建起算法歧视风险事前、事中、事后的多重规制进路。
The application of artificial intelligence(AI)has a positive effect on improving judicial efficiency and empowering judicial productivity,but its internal algorithms may be embedded with cognitive bias,improper program design,and biased function settings,which will lead to algorithmic discrimination,and thus impact on the traditional criminal law system and the theory of procedural justice.This is specifically manifested in the two aspects of legal entities and legal procedures.At the entity level,traditional criminal behavior is easy to be alienated,the protectionof legal interests is easy to be out of order,and the identification of the subject of criminal responsibility is easy to be in trouble.At the procedural level,the openness and neutrality of adjudication are easily eroded,and the confrontation between the prosecution and the defense is easily imbalanced,thus weakening the mobility and independence of the judiciary.Therefore,the application of artificial intelligence should be strictly criminal regulation,the focus of regulation should be placed on the human behavior behind the algorithmic technology.Within the framework of the existing criminal law doctrine,the dual regulation of the risk of algorithmic discrimination should be constructed both ex ante and ex post by activating the explanatory tension of criminal law offenses,reinforcing the criminal judicial review of algorithmic discrimination,and granting new types of algorithmic rights to algorithmic counterparts.
作者
丁华宇
孟念
DING Hua-yu;MENG Nian
出处
《四川警察学院学报》
2024年第1期92-101,共10页
Journal of Sichuan Police College
关键词
人工智能
算法歧视
刑法理论
程序正义
artificial intelligence
algorithmic discrimination
criminal law theory
procedural justice
作者简介
丁华宇,男,河南鹿邑人,法学博士,河南财经政法大学刑事司法学院副教授,硕士研究生导师,主要从事刑法学研究;孟念,男,河南太康人,河南财经政法大学刑事司法学院2022级硕士研究生,主要从事刑法学研究。
