摘要
但书规定的行为,由于达不到不法或责任的程度、不符合犯罪构成而出罪。但书出罪既不同于达不到不法或责任程度因而不符合犯罪构成的“不是犯罪”型的出罪,也不同于具备不法和责任的性质与程度、已符合犯罪构成但可以不追究刑事责任的“归为无罪”型的出罪。判断司法解释中的出罪规范是否属于但书,应以但书出罪的性质为依据,以出罪事由是否符合“情节显著轻微危害不大”的实质内涵为标准,而不需考虑是否采取了与“情节显著轻微危害不大”“不认为是犯罪”相同或相似的表述。完善司法解释中但书规范的基本思路是,剔除疑似的但书规范、规范真正的但书表述、拆分混杂的但书条款、增设必要的但书规定,从而建构多元化、开放性的但书出罪体系。
The conduct stipulated in a saving clause is not considered as a crime because it does not reach the degree of required illegality or culpability and thus not satisfy the crime constituent.Being considered as not guilty according to a saving clause is not only different from the kind of not being a crime that the crime constituent is not satisfied due to lack of illegality or culpability,but also different from the kind of being not convicted that the crime constituent is satisfied because the conduct enjoys the nature and degree of required illegality and culpability,but the actor may not assume criminal liability.To decide whether a norm on being not a crime in the judicial interpretation is a saving clause,it is necessary to take the nature of being not guilty stipulated in the saving clause as the basis and whether the cause for being not guilty conforms to the substantive connotation of“significantly minor circumstance and little harm”,and there is no need to consider whether the adopted expression is the same as or similar to“significantly minor circumstance and little harm”or“being not considered as a crime”.The basic approach to improve the norms as saving clauses in judicial interpretation is to eliminate those suspiciously similar to a saving clause,to standardize the expression in the real saving clauses,to dismantle the mixed saving clauses,and to add the necessary saving clauses,thus establishing a diversified and open system of saving clauses on being not guilty.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期81-96,共16页
Political Science and Law
基金
司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“司法解释中的‘不按照犯罪处理’研究”(项目编号:19SFB2026)的阶段性成果
关键词
司法解释
但书
体系内出罪
疑似但书
但书识别
Judicial Interpretation
Saving Clause
Being Considered as Not a Crime within the System
Suspiciously Similar to a Saving Clause
Identification of a Saving Clause
作者简介
刘科,北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院教授、博士生导师。
