摘要
作为宝贵的学术资产,法益论如何公正地进入具体生动的刑法解释实践,这是刑法教义学的重要使命。法益有不同类型划分,不同法益的刑法保护宽严程度不同,我国刑法、司法解释及司法实践对人身法益、财产法益、秩序法益保护上的宽严失序问题需要予以有效解决。但是,实质解释论只是关注到相同类型法益保护体系内的一致性,并没有关注到不同类型法益保护体系的一致性,需要对其发展完善。法益位阶理论主张低价值法益与高价值法益之保护位阶区分,区分标准除法益自身的重要性差异外,还包括法益被侵害的范围、法益侵害的人身可还原性、有无法益恢复可能等因素。这一理论具有刑法规范、刑事政策根据,可以满足法益衡量的需要,符合公平归责标准,且能够为刑法分则的个罪修正提供合理性根据。在刑法解释层面,在保护高价值法益的犯罪遭遇罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪临界点争议时,应分别适当强化入罪解释与重罪解释;在保护低价值法益的犯罪遭遇罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪临界点争议时,应分别适当强化出罪解释与轻罪解释。
It is an important mission of dogmatic research of criminal law to let the theory of legal interests,as a valuable academic asset,participate in the concrete and vivid practice of interpreting criminal law.There are different types of legal interests,and different legal interests require different levels of protection by criminal law,thus it is necessary to effectively solve the problem of disproportionate protection of person-related legal interests,property-related legal interests,and orderrelated legal interests in China's criminal law,judicial interpretations,and judicial practice.However,the doctrine of substantive interpretation only focuses on the systemic consistency in the protection of the same type of legal interests,but does not pay attention to the systemic consistency in the protection of different types of legal interests,thus needing further development and improvement.The doctrine of hierarchy of legal interests advocates differentiated protection levels for low-value legal interests and high-value legal interests,and the standards for differentiation include,besides the inherent importance of legal interest itself,factors such as the scope of infringed legal interests,the reparability of infringed person-related legal interests and the possibility of recovering legal interests.This doctrine enjoys the basis of criminal norms and policies,and is able to meet the needs of measuring legal interests,satisfy the standard of fair attribution of responsibility,and may provide a reasonable basis for the amendment to specific offenses in the specific provisions of the criminal law.At the level of interpreting the criminal law,when the behavior suspicious of crime infringing upon high-value legal interests suffers from a dispute over the threshold between crime and non-crime,or between this crime and another crime,it is necessary to respectively strengthen the interpretation that would lead to conviction and the interpretation that would lead to a serious crime;when the behavior suspicious of a crime harming lowvalue legal interests suffers from a dispute over the threshold between crime and non-crime,or between this crime and another crime,it is necessary to respectively strengthen the interpretation that would lead to acquittal and the interpretation that would lead to a minor crime;there is a dispute over the threshold between crime and non-crime or between this crime and another crime,the interpretation of guilt and misdemeanor should be appropriately strengthened.
出处
《政治与法律》
北大核心
2025年第9期80-98,共19页
Political Science and Law
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字经济时代刑事安全风险防控体系构建研究”(项目编号:21&ZD210)
最高人民检察院一般课题“单位犯罪立法完善问题研究”(项目编号:GJ2024C15)的研究成果。
关键词
刑法解释
法益位阶理论
出罪解释
高价值法益
低价值法益
Interpretation of Criminal Law
the Doctrine of Hierarchy of Legal Benefits
Exculpatory Interpretation
High-value Legal Interests
Low-value Legal Interests
作者简介
姜涛,华东政法大学刑事法学院教授、南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院特邀研究员。
