摘要
在风险社会中,人工智能的垄断风险治理不容忽视。沿着人工智能的供应链,从模型上游基础层的数据、算法、算力,到下游的主机层、应用层,几乎在每个环节都存在已出现或即将形成的垄断结构。这一供应链中的垄断结构不仅源于经营者对各要素资源的控制,还源于其构建的独特生态系统。在这一垄断结构之上,经营者的垄断行为同时表现为以人为主导和以算法为主导两种形态。从市场特殊性来看,人工智能供应链中的动态竞争是市场常态,竞争与垄断并非相互对立,垄断者随时可能由于动态性竞争和颠覆性创新而失去垄断地位。显然,人工智能垄断风险治理必须在动态竞争观下革新传统的反垄断法规制范式。反垄断旨在制止人工智能供应链市场中排除、限制竞争的行为,但并不意味着追求原子型的市场结构,应避免政府对市场的过度干预,建立更符合动态竞争特点的违法性认定规则、补足有利于恢复市场竞争的救济措施,并以智慧化方式提升反垄断监管的精准度。
In a risk society,the governance of artificial intelligence(Al)monopoly risks cannot be overlooked.Along the Al supply chain,from upstream foundational layers(data,algorithms,computing power)to downstream host and application layers,monopolistic structures have either emerged or are imminent at nearly every stage.The monopolistic structure in this supply chain stems not only from the control of the operators over the factor resources,but also from the unique ecosystems they build.Upon this monopolistic structure,operators'monopolistic behaviors manifest in both human-led and algorithm-led forms.From a market specificity perspective,dynamic competition is the norm in the AI supply chain market;competition and monopoly are not mutually exclusive,and monopolists can lose their dominant positions at any time due to dynamic competition and disruptive innovation.Clearly,AI monopoly risk governance must innovate traditional antitrust regulatory paradigms under a dynamic competition perspective.Antitrust aims to curb behaviors that exclude and restrict competition in the AI supply chain market but does not imply the pursuit of an atomic market structure.It should avoid excessive government intervention in the market,establish rules for illegality determination that better align with dynamic competition characteristics,provide remedies conducive to restoring market competition,and enhance the precision of antitrust supervision through intelligent methods.
出处
《东方法学》
北大核心
2025年第4期60-75,共16页
Oriental Law
基金
上海市教育发展基金会和上海市教育委员会“晨光计划”项目(项目批准号:24CGA62)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
人工智能供应链
资源型垄断
生态型垄断
动态竞争理论
垄断结构
智慧反
垄断监管
artificial intelligence supply chain
resource-based monopoly
ecosystem-based monopoly
dynamic competition theory
monopoly structure
intelligent antitrust regulation
作者简介
徐则林,华东政法大学中国法治战略研究院特聘副研究员,武汉大学竞争法与竞争政策研究中心兼职研究员。
