摘要
在超越传统底层研究生存叙事的基础之上,詹姆斯·斯科特基于田野调查认为,底层农民在面临生存挑战时存在着两种自利性行动,即以经济止损为主要目标的实质性策略行动和通过文化抵抗重构集体自我认同的象征性策略行动。这两种策略行动的形成实际上与社会结构、文化环境及群体身份密切相关。詹姆斯·斯科特灵活运用“隐藏文本”的解读技巧和阐释人类学的方法深入分析了底层农民的行为逻辑,但其观点在认识国家与民众关系、个案选择场域及论证“结构—能动”辩证关系上仍存在着特定的学理局限。尽管如此,他在“村落发展、底层农民行为以及基层治理术”三个方面的讨论,仍对中国农村基层研究具有启发意义。当前,中国农村发展需要平衡农业生产效率与基层社会公平之间的关系,构筑覆盖全体民众的权益保障体系,才能更好地促进规范化治理与地方性知识的有效结合。
Building on the critique of survival narratives in traditional subaltern studies,James Scott,through fieldwork,identifies two types of self-interested actions adopted by subaltern peasants in the face of survival challenges:substantive strategic actions prioritizing economic damage control and symbolic strategic actions aimed at reconstructing collective self-identity through cultural resistance.The formation of these strategic actions is closely related to social structures,cultural environments,and group identities.Scott skillfully employs the interpretive technique of“hidden transcripts”and methods of interpretive anthropology to deeply analyze the behavioral logic of subaltern peasants.However,his perspectives exhibit specific theoretical limitations in understanding state-subaltern relations,selecting case field,and demonstrating the structure-agency dialectic.Nevertheless,his discussions on“village development,subaltern peasant behavior,and grassroots governance techniques”provide valuable empirical insights for rural grassroots studies in China.Current rural development in China requires balancing agriculture efficiency and grassroots fairness,establishing a comprehensive rights protection system for all peasants,and more effectively integrating standardized governance with local knowledge.
作者
姜利标
王凌云
JIANG Li-biao;WANG Ling-yun
出处
《北京社会科学》
北大核心
2025年第7期117-128,共12页
Social Sciences of Beijing
关键词
詹姆斯·斯科特
自利性行动
底层叙事
农村治理
James Scott
self-interested actions
bottom narration
rural governance
grassroots governance
作者简介
姜利标(1985-),男,湖北黄石人,西安交通大学社会学系副教授,博士;王凌云(2000-),女,四川德阳人,西安交通大学社会学系博士研究生。
