摘要
在商事纠纷解决中,商事调解因具有利益导向、高度自治、经济高效等特点而日益受到国际社会的关注。在粤港澳大湾区(下称大湾区)发展战略背景下,商事调解规范化具有可行性和必要性。一方面,国家政策、司法和准司法服务以及区际司法协助实践为大湾区商事调解规范化提供了可行性基础;另一方面,大湾区市场一体化发展与商事调解的国际新发展对大湾区商事调解制度的发展提出新的要求。目前,在大湾区内,商事调解制度供给主要体现在香港地区、深圳、珠海制定的调解立法以及粤港澳三地法律部门通过的商事调解规则文件中。相较而言,粤港澳三地调解程序规则、调解员行为守则的趋同性增加,但调解主体的监管制度和调解协议的执行机制呈现明显差异。同时,粤地商事调解实践中区际调解协议的执行力较弱是大湾区商事调解制度发展面临的重要挑战。有鉴于此,大湾区商事调解制度完善的规范逻辑可以分为规范内容与规范模式两个方面:在内容上,参考《新加坡调解公约》直接执行规则,建立大湾区商事调解协议执行机制,完善粤地商事调解组织监管制度,提升大湾区调解员监管的有效性;在模式上,建立“中央授权+地方创新立法”和“区际协议+地方执行机制”的规范模式。
The commercial mediation has drawn increasing attention in commercial disputes resolution due to its characteristics of interest orientation,high degree of autonomy,and economic efficiency and high effectiveness.In the context of the Greater Bay Area,the normalization of commercial mediation is both feasible and necessary.On the one hand,the practice of national policies,judicial service and judicial assistance in the Greater Bay Area provide a feasible foundation.On the other hand,both the integrated development of the Greater Bay Area market and the new international development of commercial mediation pose new requirements for the development of the commercial mediation system in the Greater Bay Area.Empirically,the Greater Bay Area has contributed to the institutional development of the commercial mediation system,with increasing normative convergence in mediation procedural rules and codes of conduct for mediators,and significant differences in the regulation of mediation bodies and the enforcement mechanisms of settlement agreements among Hong Kong region,Macao region and Guangdong.At the same time,there are still problems of insufficient legitimacy of commercial mediation practices and lack of enforcement of settlement agreements in the Greater Bay Area.In view of this,the normative logic for the improvement of the commercial mediation system in the Greater Bay Area is divided into two aspects:normative content and normative model.In terms of content,it is recommended to refer to the direct enforcement rules of the Singapore Convention on Mediation to establish an enforcement mechanism for commercial settlement agreements in the Greater Bay Area,improve the rules of commercial mediation organizations and enhance the effectiveness of mediator regulation in the Greater Bay Area.In terms of model,a normative model of"central authorization+local innovative legislation"and"inter-regional agreements+local enforcement mechanisms"should be established.
出处
《国际法研究》
2025年第3期149-168,共20页
Chinese Review of International Law
关键词
商事调解
粤港澳大湾区
商事调解协议的效力
商事调解协议的执行
商事调解组织调解员
新加坡调解公约
Commercial Mediation
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
Effect of Commercial Settlement Agreements
Enforcement of Commercial Settlement Agreements
Commercial Mediation Organizations
Mediators
Singapore Convention on Mediation
作者简介
林健,中国社会科学院法学研究所博士后。
