摘要
在人工智能蓬勃发展的时代下,少子化趋势对中国教育的影响已经催生出新的变化。基于默顿的功能论可发现少子化对教育兼具正负向影响,且存在显性影响与隐性影响之分。少子化对教育的正向影响体现在:宏观上,显性影响促进教育资源的优化与整合,隐性影响推动教育体制的调整与变革;中观上,从教学方面来看,显性影响协同人工智能优化教学过程,隐性影响转变学生合作模式,从科研层面来看,显性影响促进科研聚焦前沿,隐性影响拓展科研研究方向;微观上,显性影响调整家庭教育资源配置,隐性影响变革家长教育理念。其负向影响包括:宏观上,显性影响导致教育资源闲置,隐性影响滋生教育改革惰性;中观上,从教学方面来看,显性影响抑制教师职业发展,隐性影响抑制学生人际交往能力,从科研方面来看,显性影响易造成科研资源分配失衡,隐性影响弱化科研成果创新性;微观上,显性影响加剧教育内卷,隐性影响易造成培育方向失衡。针对以上问题,基于人工智能背景提出相应对策:宏观上,应做到教育资源配置合理性优化,教育财政结构适应性调整;中观上,应做到教师专业发展全面性提升,学生学业任务合理化减负,科研资源分配适时性调整;微观上,应做到家庭教育理念创新性升华,教育资源获取多元性拓展,教育风险危机审慎性防范。总之,今后应进一步挖掘教育强国背景下少子化与人工智能融合的深层机制,从而为实现教育强国宏伟目标提供更为有效的理论支撑与实践指导。
In the era of burgeoning artificial intelligence,declining fertility rates in China are engendering novel transformations within the education sector.Through the lens of Robert K.Merton’s functional analysis,it becomes evident that these demographic shifts exert dualistic effects on education,encompassing both positive and negative dimensions,while manifesting through distinct explicit and latent pathways.Positively,at the macro-level,manifest effects optimize educational resource allocation while latent effects drive systemic reforms.At the meso-level,teaching manifests AI-enhanced instructional improvements with latent shifts in collaborative learning;research manifests heightened focus on cutting-edge domains with latent expansion of scholarly directions.At the micro-level,manifest effects adjust household educational investments with latent transformations in parental education philosophies.Negatively,macro-level impacts include resource underutilization(manifest)and reform inertia(latent).Meso-level teaching consequences involve constrained teacher development(manifest)and diminished student social skills(latent);research shows skewed resource distribution(manifest)and reduced innovation(latent).Micro-level impacts exacerbate educational involution(manifest)and misaligned developmental priorities(latent).Corresponding AI-informed strategies are proposed:macro-level resource rationalization and fiscal restructuring;meso-level enhanced teacher development,reduced student academic burdens,and dynamic research resource allocation;and micro-level innovative parenting approaches,diversified resource access,and prudent educational risk management.Future research should investigate synergistic mechanisms between demographic shifts and AI to advance China’s national education powerhouse initiative through precise theoretical and practical guidance.
作者
姜星海
薛喜慧
JIANG Xinghai;XUE Xihui(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《河北师范大学学报(教育科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期19-29,共11页
Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“人口变动与教育资源配置研究”(19JZD049)
国家自然科学基金2024年度面上项目“一流学科对博士后学术成长的影响研究”(72374029)。
关键词
教育强国建设
少子化
教育功能
中国教育
人工智能
人口结构
building China into a leading country in education
declining fertility
educational functions
Chinese education
artificial intelligence
demographic structure
作者简介
姜星海(1970-),男,吉林和龙人,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事高等教育社会学研究;薛喜慧(1999-),女,山东青岛人,硕士研究生,主要从事高等教育社会学研究。
