摘要
人形机器人的技术突破与场景拓展,引发了诸多现实困境。法律监管需回应劳动者权益与经济效率、个人隐私与数据利用、公共安全与技术创新等多元利益冲突问题。为此,需将利益衡量理论引入人形机器人监管,并以比例原则为主要权衡手段,为人形机器人规模化应用提供分级分类的法律监管路径。首先,需运用目的正当性原则限定人形机器人应用场景,将道德实践的价值融入法律规范,保障相关场景必须契合科技向善的价值目标以及服务于人类社会的目的;其次,应当依据适当性原则评估人形机器人在特定领域普及的有效性,确保其规模化应用能实质促进目标领域发展;再次,依据必要性原则筛选最小干预路径,防范拟人化技术消解主体性认知;最后,还要借助狭义比例原则进行整体审视,构建安全阈值与创新空间的弹性区间,实现产业发展与社会风险的可控协调。未来应完善人形机器人风险评估体系,制定《人形机器人发展促进法》,在技术理性与价值理性的张力中构建法律监管框架,实践科技向善的法治愿景。
Technological breakthroughs and scenario expansion of humanoid robots have triggered numerous practical dilemmas.Legal regulation needs to respond to diverse conflicts of interest,such as labor rights and economic efficiency,personal privacy and data utilization,public safety and technological innovation.To this end,it is necessary to introduce the theory of interest balancing into the regulation of humanoid robots,and use the principle of proportionality as the main balancing tool to provide a graded and classified legal regulatory path for the large-scale application of humanoid robots.Firstly,the principle of purpose justification should be applied to limit the application scenarios of humanoid robots,integrating the value of moral practice into legal norms to ensure that relevant scenarios must align with the value goal of technology for the betterment and serve the purpose of human society.Secondly,the principle of appropriateness should be used to assess the effectiveness of the popularization of humanoid robots in specific fields,ensuring that their large-scale application can substantially promote the development of the target fields.Thirdly,the principle of necessity should be used to select the minimum intervention path to prevent anthropomorphic technology from eroding subjective cognition.Finally,the principle of proportionality in a narrow sense should be used for overall examination to construct an elastic range of safety thresholds and innovation space,achieving controllable coordination between industrial development and social risks.In the future,it is necessary to improve the risk assessment system for humanoid robots,formulate the"Law on the Promotion of Humanoid Robot Development",and construct a legal regulatory framework in the tension between technological rationality and value rationality,to practice the vision of the rule of law for technology for the betterment.
作者
张春玲
ZHANG Chunling(College of Public Administration and Law,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150006)
出处
《管理现代化》
北大核心
2025年第3期185-192,共8页
Modernization of Management
基金
黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目:市场准入视域下中俄数字贸易便利化法律规制研究(23FXB019)。
关键词
人形机器人
比例原则
利益衡量
法律监管
Humanoid robot
Principle of proportionality
Interest balancing
Legal regulation
作者简介
张春玲,讲师,研究方向:经济法。
