摘要
对健康权保护范围的理解不能局限为部门法以权利、权益、法益等为内容的割裂式描述,而应在宪法上通过基本权利功能体系予以整全性的分析。就防御权功能面向,健康权在事实领域和保障领域中指向以“风险—危险—侵扰”为递进阶段的生理损害、以内心痛苦为指向的心理损害、在社会适应过程中产生的轻微损害,借此通过国家履行健康损害禁止义务来澄清健康权对国家公权力的消极防御内容。就受益权功能面向和客观价值秩序功能面向而言,健康权应以宪法上的最低保护水平为实现要求,通过国家履行最低医疗卫生照顾义务和基本健康促进义务来界分健康权对国家公权力的积极获益内容。
The understanding of the scope of protection for the right to health should not be limited to fragmented descriptions in departmental laws, such as those focusing on rights, interests, or legal benefits.Instead, it should be analyzed holistically within the constitutional framework of fundamental rights.From the perspective of defensive rights, the right to health addresses physiological harm that progresses through stages of“risk-danger-infringement”,psychological harm that targets inner distress, and minor harm arising from challenges in social adaptation, to clarify the negative defensive obligations of the state to prevent health-related harm.From the perspectives of beneficiary rights and the objective value of constitutional order, the right to health requires a minimum level of constitutional protection and delineating the positive obligations of the state to ensure it through the fulfillment of basic obligations in healthcare and health promotion.
出处
《人权》
2025年第2期123-145,共23页
Human Rights
关键词
宪法
人权
健康权
保护范围
国家义务
Constitution
Human Rights
Right to Health
Scope of Protection
State Obligations
作者简介
张帅宇,北京航空航天大学法学院、柏林洪堡大学法学院联合培养博士研究生。
