摘要
合理预见规则用于确定违约方责任,同时也在限制违约方的责任范围。合理预见规则与事实因果关系组合成为完整的确定责任的因果要件规范,其适用应以损失的确定性存在为基础。合理预见规则的正当性基础在于预期理论,违约方原则上需对其合理预见到的可得利益损失负责,无需确认存在合意或违约方承担损失的意思。合理预见的判断,应以违约方在缔约时是否可预见损失的类型或性质为准,至于损失数额或范围,应属确认可预见归责之后赔偿数额计算的问题。合理预见与否,主要以具备通常知识的合理人为客观标准进行判断,仅在考察违约方能否预见特别损失时,会兼顾违约方个体是否实际具备相关知识。如此构造的合理预见规则法理基础与要件清晰,适用结果可具备较高程度的可预测性。
The foreseeability rule serves dual functions in contractual disputes,establishing liability parameters while delimiting the defaulting party's scope of compensation.When integrated with factual causation,this rule constitutes the complete normative framework for determining contractual responsibility,whose application must be contingent upon the loss certainty verification.The rule's legitimacy foundation stems from the protection of expectation interests-a core contractual principle.Crucially,liability for loss of benefits should be adjudicated exclusively through foreseeability criteria,independent of contractual agreement,subjective assumptions of liability intent,or extraneous normative considerations.The reasonably foreseeable scope should be confined to loss types rather than precise quantity.Foreseeability assessment predominantly employs an objective criterion based on a reasonably informed party's perspective,with subjective awareness becoming relevant only when evaluating claims of special loss categories.This structured application methodology ensures predicable adjudication outcomes through its well-defined theoretical foundation and operational requirements.
出处
《比较法研究》
北大核心
2025年第2期158-173,共16页
Journal of Comparative Law
关键词
违约损害赔偿
可得利益损失
合理预见规则
确定性
damages for breach of contract
loss of benefits
foreseeability rule
certainty
作者简介
郑永宽,厦门大学法学院教授,法学博士。
