微罪附随后果的性质归属与改造进路

The Attributes and Reform Approachto the Consequences Attached to Minor Crimes

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摘要微罪是最高刑为1年以下有期徒刑的犯罪,既包括最高法定刑为1年有期徒刑的犯罪,也包括宣告刑为1年以下有期徒刑的犯罪。我国微罪附随后果具有复杂混合属性,体系庞杂散乱的同时违背了责任自负原则,歧视性职业限制内容违反了平等原则,同时微罪罪犯回归社会亦面临重重阻碍。应以作用主体为联结点区分微罪直接性附随后果与微罪间接性附随后果。前者应当在规范层面明确微罪概念并谨慎增设微罪,实现刑法内资格刑体系与刑法外资格类限制的协调,并贯穿于刑事诉讼全过程。后者应以禁止适用为原则,允许适用为例外,在构建微罪记录封存制度的同时加大个人信息保护力度,加强社会价值正向引导,完善相应救济措施,在刑法内外双轨并行下实现微罪附随后果的改造。 Minor Crimes are crimes with a maximum penalty of less than one year of fixed-term imprisonment,including crimes with a maximum statutory penalty of one year of imprisonment and crimes with a declared penalty of less than one year of imprisonment.The consequences attached to minor crimes in our country have complex hybrid attributes.The system is not only vast and scattered but also violates the principle of personal responsibility and the principle of equality with discriminatory occupational restrictions.Moreover,the reintegration of minor offenders into society faces numerous obstacles.It is necessary to distinguish between direct and indirect consequences of minor crimes based on the subject of action.The former should clarify the concept of minor crimes at the normative level and cautiously increase minor crimes,achieving coordination between the qualification punishment system within the criminal law and the qualification restrictions outside the criminal law,and integrating it throughout the entire criminal litigation process.The latter should be prohibited as a principle,with exceptions allowed,while constructing a system for sealing minor offense records and strengthening personal information protection,enhancing positive social value guidance,and improving corresponding relief measures,to achieve the reform of the consequences attached to minor crimes through a dual-track approach both within and outside the criminal law.

作者李长友仲家乐 LI Changyou;ZHONG Jiale(School of Law and Public Administration,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,Hunan China;School of Law,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541000,Guangxi China)

机构地区吉首大学法学与公共管理学院广西师范大学法学院

出处《吉首大学学报(社会科学版)》北大核心 2025年第1期92-104,共13页 Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

关键词微罪微罪附随后果犯罪分层责任自负资格刑 minor crimes consequences of minor crimes crime stratification personal responsibility qualification punishment

分类号 D924.1 [政治法律—刑法学]

作者简介李长友,男,博士,吉首大学法学与公共管理学院教授。