摘要
从“两规”到监察留置,解决了“两规”的合法和合宪性问题,有关监察留置性质存在着三种学说,即“行政权力说”“侦查权力说”“双重权力说”,其性质决定着监察留置将衔接为何种强制措施。从教义学维度而言,根据《刑事诉讼法》第一百七十条的规定,监察留置可衔接为逮捕、监视居住或取保候审,甚至如果犯罪嫌疑人不符合任何一种强制措施的适用情形,可解除临时性拘留措施,并立即予以释放。从司法实践选取2018年至2021年四年间的1100份职务犯罪案件作为样本进行分析可见,监察留置期限表现出显著的羁押性,捕诉率居高不下,留置衔接以逮捕为主,表现出“留置中心主义”。针对这一现象,衔接程序应以程序法理为指引,贯彻程序理性、比例原则、必要性原则和可变更性原则。以程序规制为核心抓手,限制监察留置的准入程序,落实羁押必要性审查,以数字监管为辅助构建多样化的非羁押性措施,组建多层级的监督体系,将更多的正当程序条款落实到监察留置衔接程序的改革中。
The development from the"Shuanggui(an action that requires a Party member under investigation to cooperate with questioning at a designated place and a designated time)"to the supervisory detention resolves the issue of the legality and constitutionality over the"Shuanggui".There are three doctrines about the nature of supervision detention,namely,"the doctrine of administrative power","the doctrine of investigative power"and"the doctrine of dual power",and such nature determines what kind of compulsory measure the supervisory detention will be connected with.In terms of dogmatic dimension,according to the provisions of Article 170 of the Criminal Procedure Law,the supervisory detention may be connected with arrest,residential surveillance or bail pending trial,and even if the suspect does not meet the applicable conditions of any kind of the compulsory measures,the temporary detention measures can be lifted and the suspect can be released immediately.It could be seen through analysis of the sample of selected 1100 cases of duty-based crimes during the four years from 2018 to 2021 in judicial practice that the duration of supervisory detention shows significant custody-oriented nature,the arrest and prosecution rates are high,and the measures connected with the supervisory detention are mostly arrests,showing the"detention centrism".In response to this new judicial problem,the connection procedure should be guided by procedural jurisprudence and stick to the principles of procedural rationality,proportionality,necessity and changeability.With procedural regulation as the core leverage,the procedure of applying the supervisory detention should be limited,the review of custodial necessity should be implemented,and the diversified non-custodial measures should be established with the aid of digital supervision technology,to form a multi-level supervision system,and adopt more due process clauses in the reform of the connection procedure of supervisory detention.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第3期34-49,共16页
Political Science and Law
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“未成年人刑事实体与程序衔接路径研究”(项目编号:21BFX182)的阶段性成果
关键词
监察留置
羁押措施
留置中心主义
正当程序
比例原则
Supervision Detention
Custodial Measures
Retention Centrism
Due Process
the Principle of Proportionality
作者简介
自正法,重庆大学法学院副教授、博士生导师。
