侦查学研究范式的厘定与融贯

Determination and Integration of Criminal Investigation Research Paradigm

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摘要侦查学研究范式是侦查学基本概念体系、范畴体系、理论体系和研究方法的基础,但当前仍然存在简单化和碎片化特点,缺乏学科的归属性与体系性。侦查学研究范式亟待拓展,形成有自身特色的方法论体系。从侦查学的逻辑之维来看,论题学作为一门寻找前提的技艺,以问题为导向,形成“假设—寻找”的思维逻辑。从侦查学的事实之维来看,基于研究对象和规律有限性的差异,侦查学应当归属于社会科学,进而契合社会科学的研究范式。侦查学的社会科学元方法论可主要分为实证主义、批判主义和建构主义三种,但仍然需要中层知识作为侦查学理论特殊化的中介,因而存在“结构—功能”主义和“认知—行为”主义为分析框架的社会学知识“、供给—需求”和“成本—效益”为分析框架的经济学知识“、认知—身体—环境”为分析框架的心理学知识。从侦查学的制度之维来看,教义学作为侦查法的研究范式,通过尊重法律文本的权威性、解释或构建侦查法中的侦查程序、构建侦查法的范畴论和目的论、构建侦查法制度体系四方面,共同推进侦查教义学研究范式的展开。 The research paradigm of criminal investigation is the foundation of the basic concepts,categories,theories and research methods of criminal investigation.However,it still has the characteristics of simplification and fragmentation,and lacks the discipline attribute and system.The research paradigm of criminal investigation needs to be expanded to form a methodology system with its own characteristics.From the logical perspective of criminal investigation,topics,as a skill of seeking premises,takes the problem as the orientation and forms the thinking logic of“hypothesis-seeking”.From the perspective of fact,based on the differences of research object and finiteness of law,criminal investigation belongs to social science and conforms to the research paradigm of social science.The social science meta-methodology of criminal investigation can be divided into positivism,criticism and constructivism,but it still needs middle-level knowledge as the intermediary for the specialization of investigation theory.Therefore,there are sociological knowledge with“structure-function”and“cognitive-behavior”as analytical frameworks,economic knowledge with“supply-demand”and“cost-benefit”as analytical frameworks,and psychological knowledge with“cognitive-body-environment”as analytical frameworks.From the institutional perspective of criminal investigation,dogmatics as the research paradigm of criminal investigation,promotes the development of the research paradigm of investigation dogmatics by respecting the authority of legal texts,explaining or constructing the investigation procedure in investigation law,constructing the category theory and teleology of investigation law,and building the system of investigation law.

作者李晓东董少平 LI Xiaodong;DONG Shaoping(School of Humanities and Law,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao,Hebei Province 066000,China;College of State Governance,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,Hubei Province 430073,China)

机构地区燕山大学文法学院中南财经政法大学国家治理学院

出处《中国人民警察大学学报》 2024年第10期5-16,共12页 Journal of China People's Police University

基金 2023年度河北省社会科学基金青年项目“中国式现代化视角下基层多元纠纷预防调处化解绩效评估体系研究”(HB23ZT064)阶段性成果。

关键词侦查学研究范式论题学社会科学教义学 criminal investigation research paradigm topics social science dogmatics

分类号 D918 [政治法律—法学]

作者简介李晓东(1993-),男,河北沧州人,讲师,研究方向为侦查学、证据法学;董少平(1966-),男,湖北汉川人,教授,中南财经政法大学法治发展与司法改革研究中心暨湖北法治发展战略研究院首席专家,法学博士,博士研究生导师,研究方向为侦查学、治安学、国家安全学。