摘要
我国《农民专业合作社法》的盈余分配制度在具体实践中有按占有股份数额分红、按交易额返还和两者结合等模式。无论采用何种分配模式,小农户在盈余分配法律关系中始终处于弱势和被排斥的状态,大农户和农业企业才是盈余分配制度的受益者。这与美国农业合作社的实践殊途同归,也是参考以美国为代表的专业合作社制度设计的结果。究其运行机制,可以发现权利-义务式的形式理性法律设计契合了大农户和农业企业作为理性经济人之成本-收益的经济考量;而对于小农户来说,社区集体理性要求其行为首先满足社区共同生产、生活的需要,因而与形式理性的法律设计相背离。对此,需要依据法律的实质理性对形式理性进行反思,从而对小农户的需求予以回馈。
In the practice,the surplus distribution system stipulated in China's“Specialized Farmer Cooperatives Law”appears in the mode of dividend distribution according to the amount of shares held,patronage fund and the combination of the two.No matter what distribution mode is adopted,small farmers are always disadvantaged and excluded in the legal relationship of surplus distribution,while large farmers and agricultural enterprises are the beneficiaries of the surplus distribution system.This is the same as the practice of American agricultural cooperatives,it is also the result of the specialized cooperative system represented by the United States.By studying its operating mechanism,this paper finds that the formal rational legal design of right-obligation conforms to the economic considerations of the benefit-cost of large farmers and agricultural enterprises as rational economic persons;while for small farmers,community collective rationality requires that their behaviors first meet the needs of the community to produce and live together,thus deviates from the legal design of formal rationality.In this regard,it is necessary to reflect on the formal rationality according to the substantive rationality of the law,so as to give feedback to the needs of small farmers.
出处
《中国公共政策评论》
2022年第2期105-128,共24页
Chinese Public Policy Review
基金
国家社科基金重大委托项目“新中国70年社会治理研究”之“百村社会治理调查”重大项目子课题“书院文化、边地教育与乡村振兴的实践逻辑”(18@ZH011-0320190403)
关键词
农民专业合作社法
盈余分配制度
理性经济人
社区集体理性
形式理性
实质理性
Law on Specialized Farmer Cooperatives
Surplus Distribution System
Rational Economy Persons
Community Collective Rationality
Formal Rationality
Substantive Rationality
作者简介
李展硕,法学博士,中国社会科学院信息情报研究院编辑,邮箱地址:lzs233896290@foxmail.com。
