摘要
在数据时代,大数据应用于刑事证据已然成为理论和实务的重要议题之一。当前在刑事案件中,大数据证据主要被用于侦查破案线索、弹劾被告辩解、补强言词证据、印证性的间接证据等,在作用方式上包括了基于海量数据的数据库比对和基于算法模型的大数据分析。关于大数据证据的法律定位及运用规则,不宜囿于刑事诉讼法的现有证据种类,而应回归到证据方法的概念,对基于海量数据的数据库比对宜采取庭上展示和辩方质证的证据方法,对基于算法模型的大数据分析宜采取专家辅助人提供检验意见和出庭接受质证的方法。在大数据证据的证据能力审查上,应能经受住相关性检验和科学可靠性检验;在证明力评价层面,应结合大数据应用的信息连接点选择、算法歧视可能性、逻辑架构合理性、算法结论稳健性等判断大数据证据的可信性以及对待证事实的证明程度。
In the age of big data,whether big data could be used as criminal evidence has become one of the important issues intheory and practice.Currently,in criminal cases,evidence collected by big data technology is mainly used as investigative clues,evidence for impeaching the defendant’s testimony,evidence for corroborating verbal evidence,or circumstantial evidence.Theapplicable technology of big data which contributes to criminal evidence can be classified into two types:database comparisonbased on massive data and big data analysis based on algorithmic model.The big data evidence is usually criticized for its legalposition as it belongs to none of the existing kinds of evidence in Chinese criminal procedure law.Yet,this new kind of evidenceis still accepted if it could be investigated with legal methods during trial.Specifically,the former kind of big data evidence is advised to be shown as demonstrative evidence and the latter kind of big data evidence could be provided as expert opinions,both ofwhich should be cross-examined by the parties.The fact-finders shall confirm the admissibility of big data evidence by testing therelevance and scientific reliability of big data technology;thereafter,estimate the probative value by referring to the selection ofraw data and information points,as well as the fairness,reasonableness,and robustness of algorithm of big data evidence.
作者
林喜芬
LIN Xifen(Ko Guan School of Law,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)
出处
《法学论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期27-36,共10页
Legal Forum
关键词
大数据证据
证据方法
相关性
可采性
严格证明
证明力
big data evidence
evidence methods
relevance
admissibility
rule of strict proof
probative force
作者简介
林喜芬(1982-),男,天津静海人,法学博士,上海交通大学凯原法学院教授、博士生导师,主要研究方向:刑事诉讼法、刑事证据法、司法制度
