摘要
脆弱性理论通过挑战陈规旧念,强调脆弱性既具有普遍性意涵,又呈现特殊性特点。一方面,脆弱性普遍存在于每一个个体的生命历程之中,这有助于承认残障儿童的权利主体地位;另一方面,每个个体可能会因生理特征、具体情境以及制度结构的不同而表现出不同程度的脆弱指征,这为“专题公约”或“专门法律”的存在提供了规范依据。以脆弱性理论为分析框架反思我国残障儿童权利保障的现状,不仅可以为残障儿童研究提供新的理论视角,还可以促进脆弱性理论的本土化发展。研究发现,我国残障儿童权利保障的困境成因涉及固有脆弱性、情境脆弱性和诱发脆弱性三个维度,辐射个体、家庭、学校和制度四个层面,是一个复杂的系统性问题。因此,建议在实践中:客观承认个体脆弱性,强化残障儿童权利主体地位;精准识别家庭脆弱性,构建残障儿童家庭支持体系;逐渐减弱学校脆弱性,促进残障儿童教育融合发展;检视审查制度脆弱性,健全残障儿童制度保障体系。
The vulnerability theory challenges traditional notions by emphasizing both the universality and specificity of vulnerability,which means that on the one hand,vulnerability is universally present in each individual’s life course,contributing to recognizing the subjective status of children with disabilities as holders of rights,and on the other hand,the individual vulnerability may vary to different degrees due to physiological characteristics,situational contexts,and institutional structures,offering a foundational basis for the formulation of“specialized conventions”or“special laws”.Utilizing the vulnerability theory as an analytical framework to assess the current situation of the rights protection of children with disabilities in China can not only provide a new theoretical perspective for the study of children with disabilities but also promote the localized development of the vulnerability theory.Research reveals that the challenges in safeguarding the rights of children with disabilities in China span three dimensions of vulnerability:inherent,situational,and pathogenic.These dimensions extend across four distinct realms:individuals,families,schools,and institutions,making it a complex systemic issue.Therefore,it is recommended in practice to:Acknowledge individual vulnerability and strengthen the status of children with disabilities as the subject of their rights;Identify family vulnerability precisely and build support systems;Alleviate school vulnerability and promote the inclusive development of education;Scrutinize institutional vulnerability and improve the institutional protection system.
出处
《残疾人研究》
CSSCI
2023年第4期23-34,共12页
Disability Research
关键词
残障儿童
脆弱性理论
权利
Children with disabilities
Vulnerability theory
Human rights
作者简介
闵蕾,博士,研究生,埃默里大学法学院访问学者,研究方向:人权法、残障法。
