摘要
信用兼具人格属性和财产价值,以信用利益为基础生成的信用权本质是一种新兴人格权,系民事主体依法享有的维护自身信用并排除他人侵害的权利。其权利主体具有普遍性、客体确定、内容完整,权利构成要素清晰,满足法权化的实质和形式要求。然因智能算法侵权冲击现行信用法制、信用评级引发数字身份歧视、失信联合惩戒机制的施行等正在给信用权保护带来新挑战,现行立法的附带性保护淡化信用权的独立性,司法的选择性救济难以有效护持信用主体的正当权益。立基于信用权的内在特质与特殊侵权样态,其保护理念与路径亟待更新。具体需在民法典体系下,确立以侵权法保护为中心的私法进路,通过规范信用权的法律构造、明确信用权作为具体的新兴人格权地位,确立其侵权责任构成、明晰其侵权责任承担方式、建立信用信息修复机制来实现对信用权的妥适保护。
Credit has both personality attributes and property value,and the credit right generated on the basis of credit interests is essentially a new personality right,which is the right of civil subjects to maintain their own credit and exclude infringement by others in accordance with the law.The subject of its rights has the features of universality,determination of the object,complete content,clear constituent elements of the right,and it meets the substantive and formal requirements of legalization.However,due to the impact of intelligent algorithm infringement on the current credit legal system,the implementation of digital identity discrimination caused by credit ratings,and the implementation of joint disciplinary action mechanisms for untrustworthiness,etc.,the collateral protection of the current legislation dilutes the independence of credit rights,and judicial selective remedies are difficult to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of credit subjects.Based on the inherent characteristics and special infringement patterns of the right of credit,its protection concept and path need to be updated urgently.Specifically,under the civil code system a private law approach centered on the protection of tort law should be established,and the legal structure of the right to credit should be standardized,and the status of the right to credit as a specific emerging personality right should be clarified;It needs to establish the composition of their tort liability,clarify the methods of bearing their tort liability,and establish mechanisms for restoring credit information to achieve appropriate protection of credit rights.
出处
《北方法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期53-69,共17页
Northern Legal Science
基金
2021年度国家社会科学基金后期资助一般项目“智能互联网时代新兴人格权民法保护研究”(21FFXB038)的阶段性成果。
关键词
信用权
失信惩戒
侵权责任
私法保护
credit right
punishment for dishonesty
tort liability
private law protection
作者简介
杜明强,贵州大学法学院副教授,法学博士。
