摘要
我国醉驾入刑的治理实践取得了良好的法律实效,醉驾入刑立法符合刑法谦抑原理,具有刑事政策上的有效性和妥当性。但是,醉驾入刑可能存在司法扩大化现象。通过修法增设“不能安全驾驶”要件,不是消解醉驾入刑司法扩大化的适当选择;当下司法实务践行的应对方案和设定的裁判标准存在诸多不足,防范司法扩大化的实际效果极为有限。面对醉驾入刑的司法扩大化,应当聚焦症结所在,在刑法教义学原理的指导下,主要通过司法裁判标准的科学化、构成要件的实质化、出罪路径的明确化、刑罚扩张事由之否定、定罪量刑标准的统一化以及弱化犯罪附随效果、消除犯罪前科记录等解释论努力,寻求消解之道。
China’s practice of the governance of drunk driving has achieved good legal results.The Legislation on drunk driving is in line with the principle of modesty in criminal law(as a result/at the same time)and has the effectiveness and appropriateness of criminal policy.However,there may be a judicial expansion in the process of drunk driving criminalization.The addition of the“cannot drive safely”element through the revision of the law is not an appropriate solution for eliminating the judicial expansion of drunk driving.There are many deficiencies in the present countermeasures and the adjudication standards set by judicial practice.Moreover,the actual effect of countermeasures and standards to prevent judicial expansion is extremely limited.In the face of the judicial expansion of drunk driving criminalization,and under the guidance of criminal law dogmatics,the following hermeneutics(dogmatics)schemes shall be considered:first,judicial adjudication standards need to be scientifically set(need to be settled under the instructions of criminal law dogmatics);second,elements of crime should be interpreted essentially;third,the decriminalization path must be clarified;fourth,the denial of the reasons for the expansion of punishment shall be carried out in judicial practice;fifth,the unification of conviction and sentencing standards;sixth,the standards enforced in the judicial system around the country of conviction and sentencing shall be unified.Last but not the least,the collateral consequences of criminal punishment need to be weakened,especially the establishment and improvement of criminal record institutions shall be emphasized.
出处
《中国法律评论》
CSSCI
2022年第4期154-175,共22页
China Law Review
关键词
刑事政策
刑法教义学
醉驾入刑
司法扩大化
微罪
Criminal Policy
Criminal Law Dogmatic
Drunk Driving Criminalized
Judicial Expansion
(Minor)Misdemeanor
作者简介
梁根林,北京大学法学院教授。
