摘要
本试验旨在探究黄粉虫粉对良凤花肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉风味物质含量的影响。试验选取1日龄的良凤花肉公鸡600只,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复24只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂用3%、5%、7%和9%的黄粉虫粉替代基础饲粮中部分豆粕的试验饲粮,试验期为70 d。结果表明:1)1~28日龄时,3%、5%组平均日采食量均极显著高于对照组、7%和9%组(P<0.01);9%组28日龄末重和平均日增重均极显著低于对照组和其余添加水平组(P<0.01),料重比极显著高于对照组和其余添加水平组(P<0.01)。29~70日龄时,3%组70日龄末重显著或极显著高于对照组和其余添加水平组(P<0.05或P<0.01),5%组70日龄末重极显著高于7%组(P<0.01),显著高于9%组(P<0.05);3%组平均日增重极显著高于对照组和其余添加水平组(P<0.01),5%、9%组极显著高于7%组(P<0.01);7%组料重比显著高于3%和5%组(P<0.05)。1~70日龄时,3%组平均日增重显著或极显著高于对照组和其余添加水平组(P<0.05或P<0.01),5%组显著或极显著高于7%和9%组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)与对照组相比,各添加水平组屠宰性能指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)3%和5%组腿肌的滴水损失率(24 h)均显著低于对照组和9%组(P<0.05)。4) 3%组肌肉中天门冬氨酸(Asp)、丝氨酸(Ser)、谷氨酸(Glu)、亮氨酸(Leu)、苏氨酸(Thr)、络氨酸(Tyr)、精氨酸(Arg)含量及风味氨基酸总量、甜味氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸总量、芳香族氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸(EAA)和总氨基酸(TAA)含量均显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),组氨酸(His)含量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);3%组肌肉中肉豆蔻酸(C14∶0)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,在良凤花肉鸡饲粮中添加3%黄粉虫粉可提高肉鸡的生长性能,提高肌肉的保水性能,增强肉鸡肌肉的营养价值、风味、鲜味等特性,降低肌肉中的不良风味水平,从而提高其肉品质。本试验条件下,建议1~70日龄良凤花肉公鸡饲粮中黄粉虫粉的添加水平为3%。
Effects of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and muscle flavor substance contents of Liangfenghua broilers were studied.A total of 600 one-day-old Liangfenghua male broilers were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 replicates in each group and24 replicates in each group.Broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet and those in the experimental groups were fed diets with 3%,5%,7% and 9% Tenebrio molitor larvae meal instead of part of soybean meal in the basal diet.The experiment lasted for 70 days.The results showed as follows:1)from 1 to 28 days of age,the average daily feed intake in the 3% and 5% groups was extremely significantly higher than that in the control group,7% and 9% groups(P<0.01);the 28-day-old final weight and average daily weight gain in the 9% group were extremely significantly lower than those in the control group and other supplemental level groups(P<0.01),and the feed-to-gain ratio was extremely significantly higher than that in the control group and other supplemental level groups(P<0.01).At the age of 29 to 70 days,the final weight at 70 days of age in the 3% group was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that in the control group and other supplemental level groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the final weight at 70 days of age in the 5% group was significantly higher than that in the 7% group(P<0.01),and significantly higher than that in the 9% group(P<0.05);the average daily weight gain in the 3% group was extremely significantly higher than that in the control group and the rest of the supplemental level groups(P<0.01),the 5% and 9% groups were extremely significantly higher than the 7% group(P<0.01);the feed-to-gain ratio in the 7% group was significantly higher than that in the 3% and 5% groups(P<0.05).At 1 to 70 days of age,the average daily weight gain in the 3% group was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that in the control group and the other supplement level groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the 5% group was significantly or extremely significantly higher than 7% and 9% groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).2)Compared with control group,there were no significant differences in slaughter performance indexes in all supplemental level groups(P>0.05).3)The drip loss rate(24 h)of leg muscle in 3%and 5% groups was significantly lower than that in control group and 9% group(P<0.05).4)The contents of Asp,Thr,Ser,Glu,Leu,Tyr,Arg and the total amount of flavor amino acids,total amount of sweet amino acids,total fresh amino acids,total aromatic amino acids,essential amino acids and total amino acids in the 3% group were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the His content was extremely significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01);the content of myristic acid(C14∶0)in 3%group increased significantly(P<0.05).In summary,adding 3% Tenebrio molitor larvae meal to the diet of Liangfenghua broilers can improve the growth performance of broilers,improve the water retention performance of muscle,and enhance the nutritional value,flavor and umami taste of muscle of the broilers and other characteristics,reduce the level of undesirable flavor in the muscle,thereby improving its meat quality.It is recommended that the optimal supplemental level of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal in the diet of 1 to 70-day-old Liangfenghua broilers is 3%.
作者
吴利楠
袁佳丽
李海英
马德英
蒋腾
张广杰
张帅
苏楠
葛豪
孙影影
WU Linan;YUAN Jiali;LI Haiying;MA Deying;JIANG Teng;ZHANG Guangjie;ZHANG Shuai;SU Nan;GE Hao;SUN Yingying(College of Animal Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Agricultural College,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第8期5011-5025,共15页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
新疆科技厅创新团队项目(2020D14036)
自治区畜禽种业提升项目(2022xjjq-z-01)
自治区级大学生创业项目(S202110758052X)。
关键词
黄粉虫粉
肉鸡
生长性能
肉品质
风味物质
Tenebrio molitor larvae meal
broilers
growth performance
meat quality
flavor substance
作者简介
吴利楠(1996-),女,河南虞城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物生产。E⁃mail:1043183931@qq.com;通信作者:李海英,教授,博士生导师,E⁃mail:lhy⁃3@163.com;通信作者:马德英,教授,博士生导师,E⁃mail:mdyxnd@163.com。
