乡村治理中村民的参与有效与有效参与——基于民主立方理论的比较分析被引量：8

Villagers’Participatory Effect and Effective Participation in Rural Governance——A Comparative Study Based on Democracy Cube Theory

在线阅读下载PDF

导出

摘要乡村治理有效需要村民的有效参与。实践观察发现,促进村民参与的制度措施未必能促进村民有效参与,即使制度保证村民能够参与有效但也不一定能实现有效参与,同时相同制度安排下有的乡村村民参与有效,而有的乡村村民参与无效。运用民主立方理论,结合实证调查研究,发现相同制度条件下村民参与实践呈现的形式和效果上的差异在于:满足参与主体、参与方式和参与影响三方面的描述性标准只能保证村民的参与有效,而要实现村民的有效参与,还必须满足合法性、公平性和有效性三个评价性标准。这就解释了参与有效却无法达致有效参与的重要原因在于评价参与有效性标准的情境性:某一或所有维度上更优的参与并不必然有利于合法性、公平性和有效性;当适合治理情境且能促进合法性、公平性和有效性时,即使在某一维度或所有维度上并不是更优的参与依然是有效参与。这说明主体性因素比制度性因素更重要。因而在乡村治理中基层干部容纳村民参与的意愿是影响村民参与有效性的最关键因素,同时也需要从考核制度和选任制度上激励基层干部实施参与式治理。 Villagers’effective participation is necessary for good rural governance.It was found in the practice that perfect institution may not promote villagers’effective participation.On one hand,there are different participatory features and effects under the same participatory institution;On the other hand,villagers’strong participatory effect doesn’t mean they have effective participation.Using the theory of democratic cube and combining with the empirical investigation,it is found that the differences in the form and effect of the villagers’participation in practice under the same system conditions lie in:participation meeting the three descriptive criteria of participants,communication and decision model and authority and power only means that villagers can affect village policy;Villagers would achieve effective participation only if their participation can promote the democratic value of legitimacy,justice and effectiveness.The reason for villagers participatory effect can’t achieve effective participation is that the criteria of evaluating effective participation should depend on the governance context:high level on one or all dimensions doesn’t necessarily promote legitimacy,justice or effectiveness,the participation can be effective when it is appropriate for governance situations and can promotes legitimacy,justice,and effectiveness even if it is not optimal on one dimension or all.This finding reveals that subjective factors are more important than institutional factors under Chinese governance context.Therefore,the willingness of village cadres to accommodate villagers’participation is the most critical factor affecting the effectiveness of villagers’participation in rural governance,the effective way to promote villagers’effective participation is to implement appropriate assessment and selection measures to encourage local cadres to conduct participatory governance.

作者杨莉 YANG Li(School of Politics and Public Administration,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区西南政法大学政治与公共管理学院

出处《探索》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第4期131-146,共16页 Probe

基金重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学规划项目“成渝地区双城经济圈建设下的社区治理模式比较与优化研究”(21SKGH018),项目负责人:杨莉。

关键词乡村治理村民参与参与有效有效参与治理情境 rural governance villagers’participation participatory effect effective participation governance context

分类号 D638 [政治法律—中外政治制度]

作者简介杨莉(1982-),女,博士,西南政法大学政治与公共管理学院社会学系讲师。