摘要
培养大学生创新创业能力是高校创新创业教育的重心所在,建立科学的大学生创新创业能力测量量表是推进高校创新创业教育走向深入的关键。在自我发展理论基础上创建的具有行动特色的大学生创新创业能力结构模型得到数据的适配性支持,据此编制的《大学生创新创业能力量表》具有良好的信效度。通过大规模施测发现,我国大学生创新创业能力总体处于中等水平,在把握机遇能力和果断决策能力上表现较弱;男生的总体能力显著高于女生,理工农医类学生显著高于人文社科类学生,学业优秀生显著高于“学困生”。此外有三个发现:一是学校层次类型的影响不显著;二是社团经历对创新创业能力增长存在边际递减效应;三是创新创业能力并未随年级升高而提升。这启示我们应重视科类和性别对大学生创新创业能力发展的影响,以及社团经历所发挥的增值效应,并对学校类型和年级对创新创业能力的作用机制予以关注。
College students’innovative and entrepreneurial abilities are the core index to evaluate the quality of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities.Establishing a scientific measurement scale for college students’capabilities of innovation and entrepreneurship is the key to promoting the in-depth development of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities.Based on self-development theory,our research team has created a structural model of college students’innovative and entrepreneurial abilities with action characteristics.The model is supported by the adaptability of data.“The Measurement Scale for College Students’Innovative and Entrepreneurial Abilities”based on the model has good reliability and validity.Through the data survey,it is found that the development of college students’innovative and entrepreneurial abilities in China is generally in the middle level.Students lack the opportunity sensitivity and decision-making capability.In terms of the capacity development of different groups,men are higher than women,and students of science and engineering are higher than students of humanities and social sciences,academically successful students are higher than students with poor academic performance.In addition,three major findings of this research are valuable to be introduced.First,the level of universities does not have an obvious effect on the capability development.Second,the time of participating in students’clubs and associations has a marginal effect on the capability development.Third,the capability development is not positively correlated to the promotion of students’grades.The findings enlighten us that we should pay attention to the differences in discipline and gender when it comes to the development of college students’innovative and entrepreneurial abilities.We should also pay special attention to the value-added effect of students’experience in clubs and associations,and the functional mechanism of school types and grades on students’innovative and entrepreneurial abilities.
作者
王洪才
郑雅倩
Wang Hongcai;Zheng Yaqian(Center for Higher Education Development Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005)
出处
《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期155-165,共11页
Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“大学生创新创业能力评价体系与结构模型研究”(71974163)。
关键词
大学生
创新创业教育
创新创业能力
测量量表
能力特征
college students
innovation and entrepreneurship education
innovative and entrepreneurial abilities
the capacity measurement scale
capability developmental characteristics
