摘要
经验主义孕育了行为主义学习理论,理性主义造就了建构主义的学习观,二者尽管迥然相异,但在贬抑或轻视身体方面,却分享着共同观点。生成论强调身体在学习过程中的重要性,主张认知不是一个既定心智对既定世界的静态表征,而是一种具身的行动。认知并非是产生于头颅内的精神事件,而是涌现于大脑—身体—环境动力耦合之中的关系性存在。生成学说造就了生成学习观。生成学习强调,学习的主体是身体。身体并非指物理性躯体,而是现象的身体或“心智合一”的身体。在生成学习中,学习、身体行动和环境影响是一个动力整体。学习过程“自治”而非“他治”,意义建构存在于学习过程的始终。
Empiricism gave birth to the behavioral learning theory,and rationalism resulted in the constructivist view of learning.Although they are utterly different,they share the same point of view in demeaning or belittling the body.Enactivism,which emphasizes the importance of the body in learning,maintains that cognition is not a static representation of a given mind to a given world,but an embodied action,and that cognition is not a mental event arising merely in the skull,but a relational existence emerging from the coupling of the brain,the body and the environment.The enactivist theory gave rise to the view of enactive learning,which stresses that the subject of learning is the body.The body does not mean the inert torso,but the phenomenal body or the body of the "unity of the mind and the body." In enactive learning,learning,action and the environmental influence are a dynamic whole.Learning is a process of "autonomy" rather than "heteronomy," and meaning construction exists in the entire learning process.
作者
叶浩生
Ye Haosheng(the School of Education,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006)
出处
《教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期58-66,共9页
Educational Research
基金
国家社会科学基金2020年度后期资助暨优秀博士论文出版项目重点项目“身体运动与心理发展研究”(项目编号:20FTYA002)的研究成果。
关键词
身体
具身认知
生成论
学习观
body
embodied cognition
enactivism
the view of learning
作者简介
叶浩生,广州大学教育学院教授(广州510006)。
