摘要
在弱人工智能阶段,人工智能犯罪的刑事责任主体只能是人工智能的研发者或使用者,人工智能本身无法摆脱工具属性。未来的强人工智能是否具备自然人一样的自主意识和认知能力,尚处于未然状态。刑法作为保障法,需遵循谦抑性原则。对于强人工智能将来可能造成的刑事风险,由于缺乏可靠的科学依据,且缺乏迫切的现实需要,立法者不宜过早介入并对其进行刑事风险规制。但是,对于人工智能的技术风险所带来的刑事风险,在充分激活传统罪名或刑罚手段后仍无法有效规制的前提下,刑法必须适时做出相应调整来规制新型的人工智能犯罪。
In the stage of weak artificial intelligence,the subject of criminal responsibility of artificial intelligence crime can only be the designer or user of artificial intelligence,but artificial intelligence itself can not get rid of the tool attribute.Whether the strong artificial intelligence in the future will have the same autonomous consciousness and cognitive ability as natural people is still in an uncertain state.For the criminal risks of strong artificial intelligence in the future,advocating to endow the artificial intelligence robot with the qualification of criminal responsibility subject through legislation that lacks objective and realistic basis,which is contrary to the principle of modesty of criminal law.In other words,criminal law as a safeguard law should follow the principle of modesty,and there is no urgent need to regulate the criminal risk that the strong artificial intelligence may cause in the future.The criminal regulation of artificial intelligence related crimes by adding new charges must be based on reliable scientific basis.Legislators should not intervene prematurely and actively,but should first fully activate the traditional charges or penalty means from the perspective of interpretation theory to regulate the criminal risks in the stage of weak artificial intelligence.Only on the premise that the traditional charges or penalty means can not effectively cover the weak artificial intelligence crime,it is necessary to make the current criminal law make corresponding adjustments in time from the perspective of legislation to regulate the new artificial intelligence crime.
作者
王文明
齐卫红
WANG Wenming;QI Weihong(School of Law, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;School of artificial intelligence and big data, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China)
出处
《河南工业大学学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第5期52-58,共7页
Journal of Henan University of Technology:Social Science Edition
基金
河南工业大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目(2020SBS02)。
关键词
人工智能
深度学习
自主意识
刑事风险
刑事主体
artificial intelligence
deep learning
autonomous consciousness
criminal risk
criminal subject
作者简介
王文明(1990—),男,河南郸城人,博士,讲师,研究方向:中国刑法、比较刑法;齐卫红(1988—),女,河南淮阳人,硕士,助教,研究方向:文学、人工智能,E-mail:18722256917@163.com。
