摘要
在机器学习与人工神经网络加持下的人工智能技术突飞猛进,已逐步发展出类人智力,具备独立从事创新活动的能力,传统的单一人类创新主体分化为人类与人工智能二维创新主体,形成了“三元创新格局”。创新领域的“人类中心主义”岌岌可危,开始向“后人类中心主义”过渡,这将对知识产权正当性理论产生重大冲击。在人工智能自主创新的背景下,秉持“人类中心主义”的劳动财产理论与人格理论的逻辑前提,与“人”素缺失的事实相悖,因此理论解释显失合理性;同样建立在“机械功利主义”基础上的激励理论,不仅存在主体激励不能的逻辑困境,而且难以消解人工智能技术的双刃性,亦无法胜任理论阐释的任务。建立在“社会中心主义”理论要旨上,贯彻“平衡主义”,注重“分配正义”与“公共领域丰盈”的社会规划理论,契合了人工智能时代的需要,可以有效规避“人”素缺失陷阱、破解主体激励不能与技术双刃性困境,在激励创新的同时,均衡知识的传播与利用,促进人的自我实现以及社会的公平与繁荣发展。
With the enhancement of machine learning and artificial neural networks,artificial intelligence(AI)technology has made rapid progress,evolving humanoid intelligence capable of independent innovation.The conventional single human innovator has branched into a dualdimensional model,encompassing both human and AI,creating a"ternary innovation pattern".The"anthropocentrism"in innovation is now under threat,shifting towards"post anthropocentrism",and this transition is poised to profoundly affect the justification of intellectual property.Under the background of autonomous innovation of AI,the logical premise of the labor theory of property and personality theory of"anthropocentrism"contradicts the fact of the lack of"human"elements,rendering these theories impractical.Similarly,the incentive theory,rooted in"mechanical utilitarianism",not only faces the logical dilemma of lacking subject motivation,but also confronts the difficulty to mitigate the double-edged nature of AI technology,proving inadequate for theoretical interpretation.Conversely,a social planning theory anchored in"social centrism",implementing the"balance theory",and emphasizing the"distributive justice"and"abundance in the public domain",aligns with the demands of AI era.It can effectively circumvents the trap of"human"element lack,solve the dilemma of the dual-edged relationship between subject motivation and technology,and stimulate innovation while balancing the dissemination and utilization of knowledge,furthering human self-realization and advancing social fairness and prosperity.
出处
《知识产权》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第11期78-102,共25页
Intellectual Property
基金
湖南省知识产权战略推进专项项目“商业数据知识产权保护制度研究”(2023F002K)阶段性成果
中国版权保护中心2023年度版权研究课题“人工智能创作时代版权法利益平衡机制研究”(BQ2023004)阶段性成果。
关键词
人工智能
劳动财产理论
激励理论
人格理论
社会规划理论
artificial intelligence
labor theory of property
incentive theory
personality theory
social planning theory
作者简介
林秀芹,法学博士,厦门大学知识产权研究院教授;郭壬癸,法学博士,中南大学法学院讲师
