摘要
自动驾驶汽车能够取代人类驾驶员的操作,发生致损事故在很大程度上是因车辆存在产品缺陷问题,产品责任将可能作为主要的责任适用路径。由于自动驾驶汽车的高度复杂性和自主性,使得现行产品责任规则面临适用难题,亟待作出相应调整。在产品缺陷认定方面,应根据缺陷类型细化判断方法,设计缺陷的判断应综合运用消费者合理期待标准和风险—效用标准;产品缺陷与损害之间因果关系的证明采取推定方式;扩充产品责任主体范围,包括广义上的生产者、销售者、研发者、改造者以及智能应用辅助者;关于发展风险的抗辩应严格限定适用,同时完善风险预防的补救机制。
Autonomous vehicles can take over the operation of human drivers,and the occurrence of damage accidents is largely due to the product defects of such vehicles,and product liability may be the main applicable path of liability.Due to the high complexity and autonomy of autonomous vehicles,the existing product liability rules are inadequate in application and need to be adjusted accordingly.Regarding product defect identification,the evaluative method should be refined according to the defect type.The evaluation of the design defect should take into account the consumer’s reasonable expectation standard and risk-utility standard.The causal relationship between product defects and damage is proved by presumption;The scope of product liability should be expanded to cover producers,sellers,developers,innovators and intelligent application assistants in a broad sense;The defense of development risk should be strictly limited and applied,and the remediation mechanism of risk prevention should be improved.
作者
高完成
GAO Wancheng(Civil and Commercial Law School, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing 401120, China)
出处
《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期115-121,共7页
Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)
基金
教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目:“民法典编纂视野下人工智能侵权责任研究”(19YJC820079)。
关键词
人工智能
自动驾驶汽车
产品缺陷
产品责任
Artificial intelligence
Autonomous vehicles
Product defects
Product Liability
作者简介
高完成(1992-),男,河南西华人,西南政法大学民商法学院博士研究生,人工智能法律研究院助理研究员,主要从事侵权法研究,E-mail:gaowancheng@139.com。
