摘要
改革开放四十年来,中国农村社会结构发生了巨大变化。总体来讲,在东部沿海发达地区农村,村庄熟人社会产生了一个强有力的富人群体,这个富人群体使村庄社会结构形成了极化效应。在中西部地区农村,社会结构则保持了相对均质,一方面,中西部地区农民进城,留下的农村获利机会形成了一个数量不大、但结构位置却极为重要的"中坚农民"群体;另一方面,农村家庭负担不重且相对年轻的老年人群体正在成为乡村建设的重要力量。因此,"中坚农民"和"负担不重的人"是理解当前中西部农村治理秩序的关键。同时,中西部农村开放性的结构既为农户逃离结构性力量提供了机会,但也使村庄由于社会结构均质化程度高而可能面临过度竞争,这种过度竞争的后果往往表现为严重的子辈对父辈的代际剥削。此外,限制城市资本下乡的政策,可以让进城失败的农民落叶归根,从而使农村成为中国现代化的稳定器与蓄水池。
Since the reform and opening-up,the social structure in rural areas of China has been undergoing tremendous changes.Overall,in villages located in Eastern Coastal Developed Regions,a strong group of the rich has generated internal the acquaintance society,which leads to social polarization.In villages from Midwest areas,there maintains a homogenizing structure primarily for two reasons:for one thing,the moving of migrant workers into cities leaves much profit opportunities to peasants who still stay in village,and they become“the backbone farmers”in agriculture;for another,a group of younger-elders with less dependent become the major body for rural development.Thus,these two groups are key to understand the rural governance in Midwest areas.In Midwest rural areas of China,an open structure provides opportunities for villagers who wish to escape the village.It may also lead to excessive competition among villagers,resulting in serious children’s intergenerational exploitation of their fathers.Besides,the restriction of urban capital to enter village enables migrant workers who failed in urbanization to go back to village.In this manner,the village functions as the stabilizator and reservoir in China’s modernization.
作者
贺雪峰
HE Xue-feng(Wuhan University,Department of Sociology,Wuhan 430072)
出处
《学习与探索》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第11期59-65,191,共8页
Study & Exploration
关键词
改革开放
农村社会结构变迁
中西部地区农村
东部沿海地区农村
区域差异
城市化
经济分化
Reform and Opening-up
Transformation of Social Structure in Rural Areas
Villages in Midwest Areas of China
Villages in Eastern Coastal Developed Regions
Regional Disparity
Urbanization
Economic Differentiation
作者简介
贺雪峰,1968年生,教育部“长江学者”特聘教授,武汉大学社会学系教授、博士生导师。
