摘要
商标权行使与姓名权保护的冲突,不仅关涉个人权利的范围,而且事关私权和公共领域的划定。使用具有一定知名度的自然人姓名作商标使用,难以通过"商品化权"对被侵权人姓名的自由使用利益、个性化利益甚至同一性利益的损害进行救济。为了维持社会公众利益与名人独占利益之间的平衡,需通过"直接商业性身份"测试来界定法律上的名人范围。而当自然人将与具有一定知名度相同之自己姓名作商标使用时,涉及商标权与姓名权间的权利衡量。比例原则适用的扩张,使得运用其对相冲突之个人权利予以权衡成为可能。通过适用比例原则得出,双方权利在力量对比上并无任何一方处于优势地位,剥夺自然人围绕相同之姓名而生的商标权不具有理性基础,基于个案具体情形,赋予义务承担者混淆避免义务是唯一可行之方案。
The conflict between the exercise of trademark fight and the protection of name fight is not only related to the scope of individual rights, but also to the delimitation of private rights and the public sphere. It is difficult to provide relief for the infringed about the free use of the name, the personalized and identical interests through ＂merchandising right＂ when using the name of a natural person with a certain reputation as a trademark. To maintain the balance between the public interest and exclusive interests of celebrities, it is necessary to define the celebrity range in law through the ＂ direct commercial identity＂ test. When a natural person uses his name with a certain reputation as a trademark, it involves the measurement between the trademark right and name right. The expansion of the proportionality principle makes it possible to balance individual rights in conflicts. According to the principle of proportionality, neither party is in a dominant position in the comparison of power. The deprivation of the trademark right of a natural person around the same name does not have a rational basis. Based on the specific circumstances of the case, the only feasible solution is to endow the responsibility of avoiding confusion to the obligator.
出处
《中国法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期178-194,共17页
China Legal Science
基金
中央马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重大项目兼国家社科基金重大项目"知识产权保护与创新发展研究"(项目批准号:2016MZD022)的阶段性研究成果
作者简介
中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心教授，博士生导师。
