摘要
针对大一统下形成的"郡县空虚",从南宋开始,士人开启了以"礼下庶人"的方式构建下层民间社会的持续努力。这一持续千年的尝试,寓正德于厚生,侧重的是"地方",强调的是"民间",提示了从"非国家"视角观察历史的必要和可能。州县的范围,既是人人生活的基本空间(实体的和想象的),也是士绅、职役、家族和地方官互动的场域。"国家"与"民间"、体制与乡俗调和(negotiating)于其间,代表国家者常不行使其功能,而行使国家功能者常不代表国家。在或隐或现的"国家"身影下,逐步形成一种"藉士大夫之势以立国"的取向。在乡之士不仅要化民成俗,还要凝聚社会。"道"与乡土的衔接,使"地方"具有更多自足的意义,减轻了上层政治变动的影响。
In connection with the 'Emptiness of Prefectures and Counties,' which formed in the process of unification starting in the Southern Song Dynasty,intellectuals began continually striving to build grass-roots civil society through the method of 'transmitting rites to ordinary people.' This attempt,which persisted for one thousand years and implied morality in the pursuit of public welfare,heavily emphasized localities and stressed 'civil community,' suggesting the necessity and possibility of observing history from a 'non-national' perspective.Prefectures and counties were not only the basic spaces(real and imaginary) for people to live,but also spaces for gentry,low-level officials,and families to interact.Given the negotiations between 'nation' and 'civil community,' and between the system and rural customs,representatives of the nation could not always carry out their functions,and those people who carried out the nation's functions frequently did not represent the nation.Against the background of a partially formed 'nation,' an orientation of 'usingthe gentry's power to construct the nation' gradually formed.Intellectuals in rural areas were not only to ' educate the people and form moral customs,' they were also supposed to consolidate society.The joining of 'morals' with the countryside endowed localities with additional independent meaning,and also decreased the influence of high-level political changes.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第5期6-27,160,共22页
Modern Chinese History Studies
作者简介
教授
