重复起诉规则视域下部分请求的规制

Regulation of Partial Claims from the Perspective of Repeated Prosecution

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摘要司法案例表明实务通常以重复起诉规则规制部分请求,并辅之以利益衡量方法。部分请求的规制问题应当转换学理研究视角,应以《民诉法解释》(1)第247条即重复起诉规则的规范检视为中心,继而考量其他利益要素。重复起诉规则应抛弃诉讼请求要件,诉讼标的要件应回归以请求权为识别标准的旧实体法说,识别可参照《民法典》中的请求权基础。实践中,部分请求的典型类型在民事案由中集中表现为合同纠纷及侵权纠纷,在以“当事人+诉讼标的”两项重复起诉规则之要件检视下应当否定部分请求的合法性。但是,围绕重复起诉规则的法律规范解释下,应当在以下几种情形下例外允许部分请求的提起:一为符合《民诉法解释》第247条第2款之规定,即具有实体法的明确规定;二为《民诉法解释》第248条之规定,即存在新事实的情形,如后续治疗费;三为依据不可预料说后诉不应受到前诉既判力拘束力的情形,如后发性后遗症;四为原告于前诉提起全部请求具有客观困难的情形。 Judicial cases show that practice usually regulates part of the request with the rule of repeated prosecution,supplemented by a measure of interest.The regulation of some requests should be changed from the perspective of academic research,and should be centered on Article 247 of the Interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law,that is,the normative examination of the repeated prosecution rules,and then consider other elements of interest.The rules of repeated prosecution should abandon the elements of litigation,and the subject matter of litigation should return to the old substantive law theory that takes the right of claim as the identification standard,and the identification can refer to the basis of the right of claim in the Civil Code.In practice,the typical types of some claims are concentrated in contract disputes and tort disputes in civil causes,and the legality of some claims should be denied under the examination of the elements of the two repeated prosecution rules of“party+subject matter of litigation”.However,under the interpretation of legal norms surrounding the rules of duplicate prosecution,some requests should be allowed to be filed in the following circumstances:first,it complies with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 247 of the Interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law,that is,it has clear provisions of substantive law;the second is the provision of Article 248 of the Interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law,that is,the situation where there are new facts,such as follow-up treatment fees;third,on the basis of unforeseeability,it is said that the subsequent litigation should not be bound by the res judicata of the previous appeal,such as the sequelae of the subsequent appeal;fourth,when it is objectively difficult for the plaintiff to file all the claims in the previous action.

作者邓继好叶纯吉 Deng Jihao;Ye Chunji

机构地区华东政法大学法律学院

出处《厦门大学法律评论》 2024年第1期96-119,共24页 Xiamen University Law Review

关键词部分请求重复起诉规则诉讼标的后发性后遗症 partial claims repeated prosecution subject matter of litigation later sequelae

分类号 D925.1 [政治法律—诉讼法学]

作者简介邓继好,华东政法大学法律学院副教授,硕士生导师,法学博士,研究方向:民事诉讼法学。电子邮箱:1740@ecupl.edu.cn;叶纯吉,华东政法大学法律学院硕士研究生,研究方向:民事诉讼法学。电子邮箱:guiling0108@163.com。