摘要
防卫行为正当性的判断,是违法评价要素适用最活跃的领域之一,一般的判断标准有一元的法益衡量说与多元的相当性说,但是二者结果评价倾向明显。相比之下,违法性减少判断即违法性减少的形式判断与实质判断,能更全面地给予正当防卫阻却违法的合理依据,且其判断内部遵循以下逻辑:总体上,先违法性的形式判断后实质判断;形式判断方面,先命令规范判断后评价规范判断;实质判断方面,法益侵害的综合性评价。如此才能对防卫行为的具体违法要素做出准确递进分析。在此逻辑基础上,本文进一步将违法要素细化为六个方面,逐一探讨其对防卫行为正当性评价的实质影响。
The judgment of the justifiability of defense behavior is one of the most active fields in which the elements of illegal evaluation are applied.The general judgment criteria include the theory of unitary legal interest and the theory of multiple equivalence,but the evaluation tendency of the two results is obvious.In contrast,the judgment of the decrease of illegality,that is,the formal judgment and the substantive judgment of the decrease of illegality,can provide a more comprehensive reasonable basis for the legitimate defense to prevent the violation of the law.And its internal judgment follows the following logic,that is,in general,the formal judgment is prior to the substantive judgment;in the formal judgment,the formal judgment is prior to the normative judgment;in the substantive judgment,the comprehensive evaluation of the infringement of legal interests.Only in this way can we make an accurate and progressive analysis of the specific elements of illegal defense.On the basis of this logic,this paper further subdivides the illegal elements into six aspects,and discusses their substantive impact on the justifiability evaluation of defense behavior one by one.
出处
《刑法论丛》
2020年第4期82-102,共21页
Criminal Law Review
基金
国家第67批博士后面上基金“我国医疗卫生高风险领域预防刑法之立法问题研究”阶段性成果,批准号:2020M671054
辽宁省社会科学基金青年项目“‘东北亚经济带’视域下反洗钱KYC的刑事风险与规制”阶段性成果,批准号:L783246
关键词
正当防卫
典型案例
违法性(形式与实质)减少
违法要素
Illegal Defense
Classic Case
Decrease of Illegality(form and substance)
Illegal Elements
作者简介
杨猛,同济大学法学院讲师,华东政法大学博士后
