摘要
美国在反洗钱领域的跨境监管已成为其“长臂管辖”的重要体现。以“禁毒”“反恐”“阻遏金融犯罪”和“自我变革”为名,美国自上世纪八十年代起就建立并持续扩张其反洗钱跨境监管制度,实践中已形成了“直接”“间接”和“次生”三种典型模式。支撑上述模式顺利运转的是美国的“制度霸权”,具体表现为立法的侵略性、取巧性和严密性,执法的体系性与灵活性,以及司法的助推性。美国的实践存在巨大的反噬危机,其损耗了美元的国际信用、加剧了美国与别国之间的法律与政治摩擦,更导致了国际金融秩序的日益脆弱。为避免美国单边手段主导的跨境监管产生的危害,我国在构建具有中国特色的反洗钱跨境监管制度时,应秉持“崇尚国际法治”和“追求攻防兼备”两项原则;在立法、执法和司法三个层面履行条约义务、倚重国际合作,最终维护国家权益和国际社会的整体利益。
The U.S.cross-border regulation of money laundering activities has become an important case for practicing"long-arm jurisdiction".In the name of"anti-drug","anti-terrorism","deterring financial crime"and"self-reform",the United States has established and continued to expand its legal basis for regulating cross-border money laundering activities since the 1980s,and now it has formed three typical models in practice.Supporting the smooth operation of the above-mentioned model is the"institutional hegemony"of the United States,which is specifically manifested in the aggressiveness,opportunism and thoroughness of legislation,the system and flexibility of law enforcement and the boosting nature of the judiciary.The practice of the United States has a huge backlash crisis,because it has damaged the international credit of the US dollar,intensified the legal and political friction between the United States and other countries,and led to the increasingly fragile international financial order.To avoid the negative impact of the U.S.unilateral cross-border regulatory practice,China should uphold the principles of"respecting the international rule of law"and"pursuing both offense and defense"in building an anti-money laundering cross-border regulatory system with Chinese characteristics.In the end,China shall safeguard the national interests and the overall interests of the international community by relying on international cooperation and fulfilling treaty obligations at the legislative,enforcement and judicial levels.
出处
《金融监管研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期1-21,共21页
Financial Regulation Research
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“国际私法视域下中国法域外适用的制度构建研究”的资助,项目编号20&ZD202
关键词
反洗钱法
跨境监管
长臂管辖
涉外法治
Anti-money Laundering Law
Cross-border Regulation
Long-arm Jurisdiction
Foreign-related Rule of Law
作者简介
包康赟,博士研究生,北京大学法学院、北京大学金融法研究中心,联系方式:baoky@pku.edu.cn
