摘要
在大陆法系国家或地区,诉讼时效中断的证明责任分配通常不是问题,但在我国理论界和实务界则分歧严重。权利人承担诉讼时效中断的证明责任,符合"规范说"的理论逻辑,符合《民诉法解释》第91条的证明责任分配规则,也符合诉讼时效制度的激励目标。反对"权利人承担"而主张"义务人承担"者,或者过高估计了权利人与义务人证明负担的不均衡,或者因朴素道德而对义务人存有"偏见",或者因时效期间过短而为权利人提供"优惠",或者过度强调了权利人的证据意识不足问题。中国法上诉讼时效中断证明责任分配的实践及其争议表明,对"规范说"和《民诉法解释》第91条的准确理解与适用,仍然任重而道远。随着《民法典》的颁布和实施,理论界与实务界协同关注证明责任和要件事实,以便促进《民法典》的精准实施,显得尤为迫切和重要。
In countries or regions of civil law systems,the distribution of burden of proof for the interruption of limitation of action is usually not a problem,but there are serious different opinions between theoretical and practical circles in China.It is in line with the theoretical logic of the normative theory,the distribution rules of burden of proof in article 91 of Judicial Interpretation of Civil Procedure Law,and the incentive goal of limitation of action system to bear the burden of proof for the interruption of limitation of action by the right-holder.Those who argue against the bearing of burden of proof by the rightholder of and argue for the bearing by the duty-bearer either overestimate the imbalance of the burden of proof between the right-holder and the duty-bearer,or have"prejudice"against the duty-bearer because of the simple morality,or offer"preferential treatment"to the right-holder due to the short limitation period,or overemphasize the lack of evidence consciousness of the right-holder.The practice and controversy of the distribution of burden of proof for the interruption of limitation of action in Chinese law show that there is still a long way to go for the accurate understanding and application of the normative theory and article 91 of Judicial Interpretation of Civil Procedure Law.With the promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code,it is particularly urgent and important for theoretical and practical circles to coordinate to pay attention to the burden of proof and the facts of the elements,in order to promote the accurate implementation of the Civil Code.
出处
《中外法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期369-385,共17页
Peking University Law Journal
基金
霍英东青年基金项目(项目编号:151089)的成果之一
关键词
诉讼时效
中断
证明责任
抗辩
再抗辩
Limitation of Action
Interruption
Burden of Proof
Defense
Re-defense
作者简介
霍海红,浙江大学光华法学院教授。
